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Chrome浏览器引擎 Blink & V8

2020-11-09 10:50:00 InfoQ

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"背景"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这篇文章是我的前端技术系列文章中浏览器工作原理栏目中的第二篇。浏览器引擎(也被称作布局引擎或渲染引擎)是浏览器的重要组成部分。浏览器引擎最重要的工作就是将HTML文本和其他页面中的资源转换成可以与用户产生交互的页面。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了浏览器引擎外,布局引擎和渲染引擎是另外两个相关的概念,理论上,两个引擎可以独立实现,但在实际情况中,往往很少将二者分开实现。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了包含布局和渲染引擎外,浏览器引擎还遵循"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"文档安全策略(Content Security Policy)"}]},{"type":"text","text":"以保证站点间相互独立。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在运行JavaScript代码的功能上,基本上主流的浏览器都使用独立的引擎,起初JavaScript语言只被用于在浏览器中使用,但现在JavaScript几乎可以在任何地方使用,这需要JavaScript引擎可以独立于浏览器单独使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而像"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_(software_framework)","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Electron framework"}]},{"type":"text","text":"这样的技术就是整合Chromium的渲染引擎和Nodejs而实现的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我想通过这篇文章把V8中的技术尽可能的详述,涵盖的内容会比较多,可反复阅读 :)。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"常见的浏览器引擎"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"浏览器引擎是Web平台技术中一系列标准(HTML、CSS、ECMAScript、WebGL、Web Storage等等)的具体实现,不同的浏览器引擎在遵循同样的标准下,还实现了额外的功能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gecko是Mozilla的浏览器引擎,在Firefox中使用,"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"SpiderMonkey是Firefox的JavaScript引擎。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Apple为Safari浏览器创造了Webkit引擎,Webkit引擎内置了"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"JavaScriptCore引擎。虽然Apple允许在IOS设备上可以使用其他的浏览器代替Safari,但所用通过App Store分发的浏览器必须使用Webkit引擎。例如,Opera Mini浏览器在IOS设备上使用Webkit引擎,而在其他设备上使用Blink引擎。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Google起初使用Webkit作为Chrome浏览器的引擎,后来以Webkit引擎为基础创造了Blink引擎,所有基于Chromium开源浏览器衍生的产品都使用blink引擎。而大名鼎鼎的V8引擎就是Chromium-based浏览器的JavaScript引擎。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Microsoft维护着自己的EdgeHTML引擎,作为老的Trident引擎的替代方案。新的Edge的浏览器已经开始使用Chromium的Blink引擎了,而EdgeHTML引擎只在window 10上的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Universal Windows Platform"}]},{"type":"text","text":"中被使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/c2/c2d5a491c0b230edf39337130cd12f67.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"天下合久必分,分久必合,随着Edge也加入了Blink的阵营,基本上Webkit内核及Webkit内核的衍生Blink已经统治了浏览器市场。到目前,单单Chrome的市场占有率已有六成。接下来,就让我们来聊聊Blink和V8引擎。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Chromium & Blink"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"宽泛的说,Blink实现了在浏览器页签中所有的渲染工作,其中包括:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"实现了Web平台中的标准,例如HTML标准,包括DOM、CSS等。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"内置了V8引擎用于运行JavaScript。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从网络堆栈中获取资源"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"构建DOM树"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"计算样式和布局"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"内置了"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/HEAD/cc/README.md","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Chrome Compositor"}],"marks":[{"type":"underline"}]},{"type":"text","text":"和绘制图形的能力"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"借助"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/HEAD/content/public/README.md","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Content public APIs"}],"marks":[{"type":"underline"}]},{"type":"text","text":",Blink可以被内置在很多诸如Chromium,Android WebView和Opera这样的应用中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"进程/线程架构"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"进程"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Chromium拥有一套多进程架构。Chromium有一个浏览器进程和多个带有沙盒能力的渲染进程。Blink则运行在渲染进程中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从安全的角度考虑,让不同的站点保持相互隔离是非常重要的,这被称作"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"站点隔离(Site 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workers创建出独立的线程。虽然运行的都是JavaScript,但主线程与worker线程的运行环境是不共享的,需要通过消息来传递数据。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Blink和V8也可能会创建出其他的用于音视频,数据库和垃圾回收(GC)等功能的线程。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于线程间通信,会使用PostTask提供的api。除了真的因为性能的原因,使用共享内存的方式实现通信并不被推荐,这也是Blink不使用线程锁(MutexLocks)的原因。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/89/89ab6c79bbfa58c540f5ebc72be974b5.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"50%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}}],"text":"Page, 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"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://chat.example.com","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"text":"https://chat.example.com"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}}],"text":" 属于同一个站点,而 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://noodles.com","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"text":"https://noodles.com"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}}],"text":" 和 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str;\n}"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"转化成AST后的结构是这样的"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/7e/7e62d86a0d4c4277bc91ad76a679f88d.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"FunctionLiteral"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}}],"text":"代表sayHi函数,Block代表函数体。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}}],"text":"左边的"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"VariableDeclaration"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}}],"text":"代表变量str的声明,"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#323232","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Assignment"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#323232","name":"user"}}],"text":"代表赋值,"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#323232","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"ReturnStatement"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#323232","name":"user"}}],"text":"代表return语句。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#323232","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"VariableProxy"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#323232","name":"user"}}],"text":"代表对变量的引用,在目前这个阶段还不知道是引用哪个变量。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在分析这个阶段除了要生成AST,还要分析作用域。"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/1a/1ac03cdfbd40f995afbd50da9ee3b5a8.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通过分析,全局作用域中包含函数sayHi的声明,而sayHi的函数作用域中包含变量str的声明。而两个"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#323232","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"VariableProxy"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#323232","name":"user"}}],"text":"所引用的变量也可以确定下来。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#202122","name":"user"}}],"text":"V8有两种分析器:Preparser和Full parser。Preparser分析器可以推迟那些不是立即需要分析的函数以减少代码启动需要的时间。Preparser只会处理语法分析和一些错误的检查而不会生成抽象语法树。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"V8在这个阶段对各种类型的标记的扫描有着各种的优化手段,感兴趣的同学可以继续阅读"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://v8.dev/blog/scanner","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Blazingly fast parsing, part 1: optimizing the scanner"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在这里推荐一个用于分析抽象语法树的网站:"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://astexplorer.net/","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AST Explorer"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。在各种lint自定义规则,babel、webpack插件等代码分析、生成的场景里都有帮助。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"解释(I"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}}],"text":"nterpreting"},{"type":"text","text":")"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"解释阶段会将AST转换成字节码(bytecode)。得益于"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"即时编译(just-in-time (JIT) compilation)"}]},{"type":"text","text":"技术,包括V8在内的现代浏览器JavaScript引擎结合了"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提前编译(AOT)"},{"type":"text","text":"的高性能和解释的灵活性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"起初,代码首先被编译器快速的编译成没有被优化过的机器码,在运行的同时再有选择的将需要优化的代码通过更高级的编译器进行优化再编译。这样做虽然提高了运行速度,但也浪费了资源。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其中比较显著的问题是被编译过的机器码会占用大量的内存,即使有的代码可能只会被执行一次。为了解决这些问题,V8团队提出了新的JavaScript解释器,"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://v8.dev/docs/ignition","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ignition"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}}],"text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"借助"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Ignition"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}}],"text":",V8可以将AST先转化成更简洁的字节码,其大小与以往的机器码相比缩小到50%至25%的空间。"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/35/355cb34cfd38811ba0c6e19ab7e7025c.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Ignition"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}}],"text":"生成的"},{"type":"text","text":"字节码会被用于优化的编译器和调试工具当作数据源,当字节码生成以后,抽象语法树就可以被废弃掉以节省内存。在生成字节码的同时,还会在字节码上增加一些元数据,比如源代码的位置和用于执行字节码的处理函数。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"接下来我们利用d8近距离观察一下bytecode,这里我们将下面的JavaScript放在名为bytecode.js的文件中,并运行d8的调试工具。"}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"javascript"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"function sayHi () {\n var str = 'hello world'\n return str\n}"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可以得到下面的结果"}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"shell"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"# d8 --print-bytecode bytecode.js\n[generated bytecode for function: (0x300d082d25e5 )]\nParameter count 1\nRegister count 2\nFrame size 16\n 0x300d082d26ae @ 0 : 12 00 LdaConstant [0]\n 0x300d082d26b0 @ 2 : 26 fa Star r0\n 0x300d082d26b2 @ 4 : 27 fe f9 Mov , r1\n 0x300d082d26b5 @ 7 : 62 3e 01 fa 02 CallRuntime [DeclareGlobals], r0-r1\n 0x300d082d26ba @ 12 : 0d LdaUndefined \n 0x300d082d26bb @ 13 : ab Return \nConstant pool (size = 1)\n0x300d082d2681: [FixedArray] in OldSpace\n - map: 0x300d08042201 \n - length: 1\n 0: 0x300d082d2631 \nHandler Table (size = 0)\nSource Position Table (size = 0)"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第6行到第11行的输出就是转化以后的字节码。其中的LdaConstant、Star、Mov等等的就是指令。字节码对应的指令比较多,这里截取一部分,更多的指令及解释可以在v8的源代码文件src/interpreter/interpreter-generator.cc中查看。"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/3e/3e63d210cef55982c21198790116dca3.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在开始分析代码之前需要先介绍"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"累加器(Accumulator)"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":",累加器是V8中的一个特殊的寄存器,用于存放中间结果"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"shell"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"LdaConstant [0]\nStar r0\nMov , r1\nCallRuntime [DeclareGlobals], r0-r1\nLdaUndefined \nReturn "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"LdaConstant [0]"},{"type":"text","text":"代表从常量池中取出0号下标的常量并放入累加器中。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Star r0"},{"type":"text","text":"表示将累加器中的内容存放到r0寄存器中。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Mov , r1"},{"type":"text","text":"表示将寄存器的内容放到r1寄存器中。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"CallRuntime [DeclareGlobals], r0-r1"},{"type":"text","text":"表示用r0和r1寄存器中的内容作为参数调用DeclareGlobals函数。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"LdaUndefined"},{"type":"text","text":"代表将Undefined加载到累加器中。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Return"},{"type":"text","text":"代表返回累加器中的内容。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"JavaScript对象被分配在堆中,并不能直接被嵌入到字节码中。所以在字节码中,用数组下标代表JavaScript对象的引用的位置。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们将源代码稍作修改,然后分析更复杂的字节码"}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"javascript"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"function sayHi () {\n console.log(str)\n var str = 'hello world'\n}\n\nsayHi()"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"shell"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"[generated bytecode for function: (0x3da0082d25e5 )]\nParameter count 1\nRegister count 3\nFrame size 24\n 0x3da0082d26b2 @ 0 : 12 00 LdaConstant [0]\n 0x3da0082d26b4 @ 2 : 26 f9 Star r1\n 0x3da0082d26b6 @ 4 : 27 fe f8 Mov , r2\n 0x3da0082d26b9 @ 7 : 62 3e 01 f9 02 CallRuntime [DeclareGlobals], r1-r2\n 0x3da0082d26be @ 12 : 13 01 00 LdaGlobal [1], [0]\n 0x3da0082d26c1 @ 15 : 26 f9 Star r1\n 0x3da0082d26c3 @ 17 : 5d f9 02 CallUndefinedReceiver0 r1, [2]\n 0x3da0082d26c6 @ 20 : 26 fa Star r0\n 0x3da0082d26c8 @ 22 : ab Return \nConstant pool (size = 2)\n0x3da0082d2681: [FixedArray] in OldSpace\n - map: 0x3da008042201 \n - length: 2\n 0: 0x3da0082d2631 \n 1: 0x3da0082d25b1 \nHandler Table (size = 0)\nSource Position Table (size = 0)\n[generated bytecode for function: sayHi (0x3da0082d2641 )]\nParameter count 1\nRegister count 3\nFrame size 24\n 0x3da0082d280a @ 0 : 13 00 00 LdaGlobal [0], [0]\n 0x3da0082d280d @ 3 : 26 f8 Star r2\n 0x3da0082d280f @ 5 : 28 f8 01 02 LdaNamedProperty r2, [1], [2]\n 0x3da0082d2813 @ 9 : 26 f9 Star r1\n 0x3da0082d2815 @ 11 : 5a f9 f8 fa 04 CallProperty1 r1, r2, r0, [4]\n 0x3da0082d281a @ 16 : 12 02 LdaConstant [2]\n 0x3da0082d281c @ 18 : 26 fa Star r0\n 0x3da0082d281e @ 20 : 0d LdaUndefined \n 0x3da0082d281f @ 21 : ab Return \nConstant pool (size = 3)\n0x3da0082d27d5: [FixedArray] in OldSpace\n - map: 0x3da008042201 \n - length: 3\n 0: 0x3da00824a15d \n 1: 0x3da00824a1d1 \n 2: 0x3da0082d278d \nHandler Table (size = 0)\nSource Position Table (size = 0)\nundefined"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这里我们主要看第二段字节码"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"LdaGlobal [0], [0]"},{"type":"text","text":"代表从常量池下标为0的位置读取内容并存储在累加器中,也就是console。而第二个[0]代表"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"反馈向量槽(feedback vector slot)"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"中相应的位置,目的为了帮助后面的优化编译器提供优化信息。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Star r2"},{"type":"text","text":"代表将累加器中的内容存储到r2寄存器中,此时r2中存放的就是console。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"LdaNamedProperty r2, [1], [2]"},{"type":"text","text":"代表获取r2寄存器中的对象的在常量池中1号位的属性。常量池1号位存放的是log,LdaNamedProperty r2, [1]也就是console.log,并存放在累加器中。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Star r1"},{"type":"text","text":"将累加器中的console.log存放在r1寄存器中。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"CallProperty1 r1, r2, r0, [4]"},{"type":"text","text":"表示调用r1寄存器中的console.log,以r2、r0寄存器中的内容为参数。r2中是console,当我们发现r0直到第32行才会存放常量hello world,所以调用console.log会打印出undefined。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"执行(Execution)"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/92/924f8c01fa3254e222075be8ed2d223f.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"JavaScript是一种动态语言,一行简单的属性访问可以包含复杂的语义。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Object.foo可能是简单的属性访问,也可能会调用Getter,甚至可能需要遍历原型链查找。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这种动态性需要消耗更多的时间查找属性,会降低运行的速度。为了提高性能,V8将第一次分析的结果缓存起来,当再次访问属性时直接从缓存中读取。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"V8会调用GetProperty(object, \"foo\", feedback_cache),如果feedback中缓存了对于object.foo的操作则跳过任何查找步骤。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Object Shapes"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Object Shapes也被叫做Hidden Classes或Maps,代表着JavaScript对象的结构,属性和元素如何被存储。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"JavaScript作为一种动态语言在实例化对象之后可以轻易的添加或删除对象中的属性。"}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"javascript"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"class Point {\n constructor(x, y) {\n this.x = x\n this.y = y\n }\n}\n\nconst point = new Point(1, 1)\npoint.version = '1.0.0'"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"像Java这样的静态语言,一个对象中的属性结构可以在编译前就确定下来,所以这些属性的值可以存储在一段连续的内存空间中,属性间的偏移量可以通过属性的类型计算出来。但由于JavaScript的动态性,属性的查找会慢于那些静态语言。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为了解决这个问题,V8使用"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Hidden Classes"},{"type":"text","text":"来描述对象的结构。"}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"javascript"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"let point = { x:1, y:1, '2': '1', in: {} };\npoint.out = {};\npoint[1] = 1;"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"利用d8调试工具运行上面的代码可以得到下面的结果。"}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"shell"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DebugPrint: 0xe4a08148b69: [JS_OBJECT_TYPE]\n - map: 0x0e4a083074d5 [FastProperties]\n - prototype: 0x0e4a082c3c69 \n - elements: 0x0e4a08148bc5 [HOLEY_ELEMENTS]\n - properties: 0x0e4a08148cc9 \n - All own properties (excluding elements): {\n 0xe4a082d25c5: [String] in OldSpace: #x: 1 (const data field 0), location: in-object\n 0xe4a082d25d5: [String] in OldSpace: #y: 1 (const data field 1), location: in-object\n 0xe4a082d25f5: [String] in OldSpace: #in: 0x0e4a08148c1d (const data field 2), location: in-object\n 0xe4a082d2605: [String] in OldSpace: #out: 0x0e4a08148c6d (const data field 3), location: properties[0]\n }\n - elements: 0x0e4a08148bc5 {\n 0: 0x0e4a08042429 \n 1: 1\n 2: 0x0e4a08044939 \n 3-19: 0x0e4a08042429 \n }\n0xe4a083074d5: [Map]\n - type: JS_OBJECT_TYPE\n - instance size: 24\n - inobject properties: 3\n - elements kind: HOLEY_ELEMENTS\n - unused property fields: 2\n - enum length: invalid\n - stable_map\n - back pointer: 0x0e4a083074ad \n - prototype_validity cell: 0x0e4a082d277d \n - instance descriptors (own) #4: 0x0e4a08148c89 \n - prototype: 0x0e4a082c3c69 \n - constructor: 0x0e4a082c38a1 \n - dependent code: 0x0e4a080421b5 \n - construction counter: 0"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"map "},{"type":"text","text":"描述了point对象的类型的详细信息"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"prototype "},{"type":"text","text":"描述了point对象的原型引用"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"elements "},{"type":"text","text":"用于存放元素类型的属性"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"properties "},{"type":"text","text":"用于存放命名类型的属性"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"in-object "},{"type":"text","text":"代表属性的值直接存放在对象中"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在JavaScript对象类型中,属性可以分成"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"命名属性(Named properties)和元素(Elements)。"},{"type":"text","text":"命名属性是那些属性名是非数字的属性,而元素属性是那些类似数组下标的属性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/b5/b5251530f458f909f9338984faa9e210.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hidden Class中命名属性和元素分别存储在不同的空间中,它们的存储方式既可能是数组也可能是字典。在JavaScript中的每个对象都有一个Hidden Class用于描述对象的类型信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"而有个这些对象的类型信息后,多个拥有相同属性名称和属性数量的对象可以共享一个类型信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在对象被初始化之后,对象中属性的修改会形成新的类型信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/4c/4c5ef65684116513b5ebe57d7f306ddd.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当对象的属性新增出现不同的顺序时,v8创建新的分支。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/65/658cec5e92b474411d3c0ac047760a0a.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同时属性的存储位置也会发生改变。"}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"shell"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"0xe4a082d25f5: [String] in OldSpace: #in: 0x0e4a08148c1d (const data field 2), location: in-object\n0xe4a082d2605: [String] in OldSpace: #out: 0x0e4a08148c6d (const data field 3), location: properties[0]"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这里我们重点分析point对象中的in和out属性,我们发现在对象初始化定义时的in属性被存储在对象内部(in-object),而在对象初始化之后被添加的out属性则被添加到properties中,而访问in-object的属性速度要快于properties中的属性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"所以属性的动态修改会产生新的Hidden Class及属性存储位置的变化。在实际开发中尽量不要在对象初始化好以后再动态的增加或删除对象中的属性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有了类型信息,访问JavaScript对象的属性时就可以像静态语言那样通过坐标偏移量来快速的定位。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Inline Cache"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"V8通过"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"内联缓存(Inline Cache)"},{"type":"text","text":"策略优化访问对象的性能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IC为函数创建名叫"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"反馈向量("},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"FeedBack Vector"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":")"},{"type":"text","text":"的用于存放对象及对象属性的信息。"}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"javascript"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"function load(o) {\n return o.x\n}\n\nload({ x: 10 })"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此时IC会在反馈向量中存储 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"{ x: 10 }"}]},{"type":"text","text":"对象的类型信息和x属性的信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/35/35c891a284d1b7b32508a7dc56cf26f4.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"50%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"反馈向量与数据库表结构相似,0代表在表中的位置"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"LOAD_IC代表操作的类型"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}}],"text":"Monomorphic是当前这条反馈向量的状态是"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"单态"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}}],"text":",状态是IC中非常重要的概念,除了单态还有"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"多态(Polymorphic)"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}}],"text":"和"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4D5156","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"复态(M"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"egamorphic"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4D5156","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":")"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4D5156","name":"user"}}],"text":"。在函数运行过程中随着参数类型的变化,状态可能会发生变化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4D5156","name":"user"}}],"text":"Map中存放对象的类型信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Bitfield中放置对象属性的信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有了反馈向量,load函数被反复调用时如果参数类型没有发生变化,就可以通过bitfield中存储的属性信息快速的找到属性中的值,避免反复的动态查询。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当参数的类型发生变化时:"}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"javascript"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"load({ x: 100 })\nload({ y: 1, z: 2 })"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"需要把两种类型都缓存起来。此时,反馈向量中的状态就会从"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"单态"},{"type":"text","text":"变成"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"多态,"},{"type":"text","text":"反馈向量的结构也会发生变化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/1c/1cd9e8b08fbf8612f26188df973d65e5.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"25%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"反馈向量从原本存储一个类型信息变化成数组结构存储多个类型信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"接下来我们通过d8工具和Indicium工具分析IC的变化过程。"}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"javascript"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"class Test {\n constructor(a, b, c, d, e) {\n if (a) {\n this.a = a;\n }\n\n if (b) {\n this.b = b;\n }\n\n if (c) {\n this.c = c;\n }\n\n if (d) {\n this.d = d;\n }\n\n if (e) {\n this.e = e;\n }\n }\n}\n\nconst util = {\n merge(test) {\n return test.a + test.b + test.c + test.d + test.e;\n }\n};\n\nlet rst;\n\nconsole.time('Test');\nconst test1 = new Test(1);\nfor (let i = 0; i < 10e6; i++) {\n rst = util.merge(test1);\n}\n\nconst test2 = new Test(null, 1);\nfor (let i = 0; i < 10e6; i++) {\n rst = util.merge(test2);\n}\n\nconst test3 = new Test(null, null, 1);\nfor (let i = 0; i < 10e6; i++) {\n rst = util.merge(test3);\n}\n\nconst test4 = new Test(null, null, null, 1);\nfor (let i = 0; i < 10e6; i++) {\n rst = util.merge(test4);\n}\n\nconst test5 = new Test(null, null, null, null, 1);\nfor (let i = 0; i < 10e6; i++) {\n rst = util.merge(test5);\n}\nconsole.timeEnd('Test');"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这里我们在Test实例化的过程中动态的添加a, b, c, d, e属性中的一个来创造出5中类型信息。并记录5次循环的运行时间。"}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"shell"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"d8 ic.js --trace-maps --trace_ic --log-source-code\nconsole.timeEnd: Test, 12668.593000"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/31/3156ab34f61eddeaf58446ce4c1ce7cd.png","alt":null,"title":"image.png","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通过Indicium对日志的分析,我们发现在调用merge函数时,反馈向量的状态从0到"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"复态"},{"type":"text","text":"改变了3次。"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"merge函数第一次调用时原本为空的反馈向量被放入了 { a: 1 } 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Mark-Compact策略则负责整个堆的垃圾回收,经过在不同的线程中完成标记-压实-清除工作保证垃圾回收过程在低延迟的同时可以实现高吞吐量。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"到此,这篇文章终于要结束了,希望这篇文章能帮助你搭建起Blink和V8的概要视图,为你的前端知识体系点亮一颗新的技能树。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在最后的相关资料中罗列了我在学习V8过程中参考的文档和视频,这里一并奉上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最后的最后,谢谢你的阅读。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"相关资料"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1sJj-JnSvM71zq-N_CT8qqsLngdW8fgOMiJdd2ylLojs/edit#slide=id.g26e94b78b8_0_9","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Life 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