【Tensorflow】AttributeError: module 'keras.backend' has no attribute 'tf'

Question:

The following pseudocode works fine with keras 2.2.4, but an error occurs with keras 2.3.1:

AttributeError: module 'keras.backend' has no attribute 'tf'

Code:

import tensorflow as tfimport kerastf_backend = keras.backend.tfmodel = keras.models.model_from_json(json_str, custom_objects={'swish':swish, 'backend':keras.backend, 'tf':tf_backend}) 

Resolve:

The reason for the error is that there is no keras.backend.tf method in keras 2.3.1. At this time, tf can be used instead of keras.backend.tf. The above code can be updated to:

import tensorflow as tfimport kerasif keras.__version__ == "2.2.4":tf_backend = keras.backend.tfelse:tf_backend = tfmodel = keras.models.model_from_json(json_str, custom_objects={'swish':swish, 'backend':keras.backend, 'tf':tf_backend})