Five best software architecture patterns that architects must understand

The world is becoming more and more dependent on software , Software system has penetrated into every aspect of human life , And bring a lot of convenience . From mobile app （ Used to contact people ）, To medical applications and deep learning models , To the financial technology system , And then to intelligent buildings （ Leverage technology to automate many functions ）.

 

In order to provide the required solutions and get the best results , These software systems must be developed using the appropriate architecture .

Patterns are problem context specific solutions .

Architecture pattern is a general and reusable solution to common software architecture problems in a specific environment .

Software defects have a great impact on an organization's business . The main reason for all software failures is to choose an inappropriate software architecture pattern , Enterprises often start application development without a formal architecture .

However , A fact that is often overlooked is ： The lack of architectural design forces the development team to choose a typical pattern without guidelines . The final plan will lack clear roles 、 Responsibilities and interdependencies .

Let's take a simple example .

Online banking applications do not need to be designed as complex as the microservice paradigm . For retrieval requests , Create a client - Server architecture is enough . However , If there is no such plan , Applications can become complex , And there is no way back , Or it may lose a lot of investment in the reconstruction process .

In this paper , We'll look at what software architecture patterns are , And some of them are introduced in detail . please remember , Many patterns can be used in a single system , Optimize every part of the code with the best design .

Although we call it Computer Science , But it is often an art .

Let's take a look at what is a software architecture pattern .

1 What is the application architecture pattern ？

Consider one involving marketing App Developed software projects .

To create this application , The design and architecture must first be determined , Because this is the core , The rest of the application will be created on this basis . for example , How services will communicate or how payment integration will work ？ How to use an algorithm to recommend supplier services ？ And so on , be too numerous to enumerate .

Decades ago , The models that can address these challenges are limited . However , Software development has developed to the present , We already have a lot of architectural patterns , Can provide specific benefits for different types of applications .

Software architecture pattern is a repeatable solution to general software engineering problems . In the grocery store application scenario introduced earlier , We can reuse the product recommendation algorithms that have been specified , And modify them , To meet the needs of the application .

The software architecture used to implement the recommended module is only part of the overall architecture pattern .

Now? , We already know what a software architecture pattern is , Let's see why we use them .

2 Why use software architecture patterns ？

Here are three reasons why software development companies must apply software architecture design patterns when creating applications or software ：

1. Build a better system

Using architectural patterns , We can create transferable models . These models can be reused , This helps to form a scalable 、 Scalable optimal structure .

1. Simplify design modifications

Depends on the mode used , Most architectural patterns can be modified in the early stages of development , So as to form a flexible 、 Robust 、 Error free core architecture pattern .

1. Facilitate stakeholder communication

The software architecture pattern is the basic abstraction of the system , Stakeholders can communicate based on it 、 negotiation , So as to understand each other and reach a consensus .

Now? , The meaning of software architecture pattern has been made clear , Let's see 5 A popular software architecture design pattern , And where it might be used in development .

35 The best software architecture pattern

Let's look at several popular software architecture patterns , Many software companies use them to develop applications and software .

1. Layered software architecture

seeing the name of a thing one thinks of its function , Components in this design （ Code ） It is divided into sub task layers , Multiple layers are superimposed . This is probably the most common strategy . Because it is usually built around the database , So many business applications naturally store information in tables .

This is almost a self fulfilling prophecy . Many of the most popular 、 The best software framework , Such as Java EE、Drupal and Express, This structure is considered in the design . therefore , Many applications built with these frameworks naturally have a hierarchical structure .

occasionally , This is known as “N Layer architecture ”. The following designs contain a total of 4 layer .

• Presentation layer ： This is the user interface layer , Here we can view and enter data into the application .
• The business layer ： This layer executes the business logic as requested by the server .
• application layer ： This layer is used as “ Presentation layer ” and “ The data layer ” Bridge between .
• The data layer ： This layer uses databases to manage datasets .

When should I use a layered software architecture pattern ？

Layered architecture is popular for many reasons . We can start from the following scenarios / Need to consider ：

• When there are fewer developers and you want to create an application quickly .
• Applications based on maintainability and separation of concerns .
• Tradition must be observed IT Enterprise applications for structures and processes .

The layered architecture pattern applies to ：

• Amazon style e-commerce Web application development .
• General desktop applications .

2. Microkernel software architecture

Another name of microkernel software architecture pattern is plug-in software architecture pattern . Usually , Software teams use... When developing systems with replaceable components . The microkernel pattern consists of two basic components ：

• The core system handles the most basic applications 、 The simplest operation .
• The plug-in module handles other functions and does special processing .

If you have successfully developed a chat application . The core functionality of the application is , You can exchange text messages with people all over the world , And you don't need to be connected to the Internet . After a while , You want to add voice messaging to your application , And achieved the expected function . Because microkernel mode allows you to add functions in the form of plug-ins , So you can add this function to a program that has been put into use .

When should I use the microkernel architecture pattern ？

• There is a clear boundary between the application's basic routines and higher-order rules .
• The application has a fixed set of core routines and a dynamic rule set that must be updated regularly .
• It is very suitable for distributed development teams .

The microkernel architecture pattern applies to ：

• Product based applications and scheduling applications .
• Enterprise application , Because of the adaptability it pursues 、 Scalability and portability .

3. Event driven software architecture

Event driven architecture is a flexible approach . In this architecture , Software services or operations are triggered by events .

that , What exactly is an event ？

When users are using EDA When performing an action in a built application , There will be a state change and a reaction , This action is called an event .

In layered mode , Data is passed from one layer to the next in a predetermined order . by comparison , The event driven architecture pattern enables application modules to react when a particular event occurs . There are two types of event driven patterns ： Mediator Topology （mediator topology） And agent topology .

When should the event driven architecture pattern be used ？

• The event driven pattern is best suited for asynchronous data flow systems in applications .
• The event driven pattern is scalable and extensible . We can add new modules without changing the existing system .
• Developers can use this pattern to create complex applications that require perfect data flow or applications that will grow .

The event driven architecture pattern applies to ：

• structure JavaScript Websites and e-commerce websites .

4. Microservice software architecture

The microservice software architecture pattern builds small programs that are independent of each other but can communicate with each other , To realize the whole system （ Applications ） Normal operation of . Each microservice has its own specific responsibilities , Each team can handle its own microservices independently .

The only thing they have in common is communication . Because microservices communicate with each other , So you must make sure that the messages passed between them are backward compatible .

When an application is created in a microservice style , Add new features and update current microservices , Will not affect other micro Services . Modules created using the microservice pattern are loosely coupled . therefore , They are easy to understand 、 Modifications and extensions .

When should I use the microservice architecture pattern ？

• without doubt , Microservices are best suited for teams who want to rewrite their individual systems in a more sustainable way .
• Microservices are most suitable for large-scale and rapidly expanding applications of data systems .
• Development teams are scattered around the world .

The microservice architecture pattern is applicable to ：

• Websites with a small number of components and well-defined enterprise data centers , such as Netflix.

5. Space based architecture

The main purpose of creating space-based software architecture pattern is to solve and overcome the problems of scalability and concurrency . For applications where the number of concurrent users is changing and unpredictable , It is also a good design pattern . By removing central database restrictions , Leverage data grids that are replicated to memory for high scalability .

Space based architecture distributes processing and storage across multiple servers , Minimize function crash under high load .

When should I use a space - based architecture pattern ？

• Applications and software systems that handle a large number of concurrent database accesses or writes .
• Applications that have to deal with scalability and concurrency challenges .

The space-based architecture pattern is applicable to ：

 

• Suitable for developing e-commerce or social networking sites , Such as YouTube.

4 Choose the architecture pattern that best suits you

Other architectural patterns , Like the model - View - Controller mode 、 Blackboard mode 、 Proxy patterns and events - Bus design , It is also useful in different aspects of software development .

For everyone , The basic idea is consistent ： Define the basic quality metrics for the application , Improve product function , Increase the speed and productivity of the application build process .

I hope this blog can help you understand the basic knowledge of software architecture patterns , And which applications they are best suited to , So that you can choose the application that best meets your software needs .