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Neat Syntax Design of an ETL Language (Part 2)
2022-06-25 09:36:00 【InfoQ】
- A new ETL language – Easy SQL
- A guide to write elegant ETL
- Neat syntax design of an ETL language (part 1)
Language features in Easy SQL
- An imperative structure of ETL code.
- Variables which could be defined and modified any time.
- A way to call external functions.
- A way to control whether a step should be executed.
- Templates that could be reused in the same ETL file.
- Include command that could be used to reuse code at file level.
- Debugging support: logging and assertion that could be used for debugging.
- A debugger interface.
- Other features:write data to tables; list variables; SQL actions.
Syntax in Easy SQL
Templates used to reuse code
- Template is a step in ETL. It is defined by a target with name ‘template’ and a following descriptive name. The descriptive name is the template name.
- The body of a template could be anything.
- If there are template parameters, no need to declare them, just use them by ‘#{PARAMETER_NAME}’. Easy SQL will extract these parameters for you at runtime.
- Templates could be used in any target with syntax ‘@{TEMPLATE_NAME}’. If there are template parameters, we need to pass them as named parameters.
- Variables can be referenced in template body, and the resolution of variables happens at the resolution time of the template (when the step with template reference is executing). This is useful since we can change the value of some variable between two targets referencing the same template.
- There should be no templates used in the body of templates. This is to make the resolution of templates to be simple.
Include other ETL code snippets
some_snippets.sqlsome_snippets.sql- Include command could be used at any line of code.
- When Easy SQL processed this ‘include’ command, the content of the file will simply be expanded.
Debugging support
- When using the ‘log’ target, we need to specify a message about what to log.
- The log message format is the same as a variable. I.e. It should be composed of chars ‘0-9a-zA-Z_’.
- There should be exactly one row returned from the query of some ‘log’ target. If there is more than one row returned, only the first row will be logged.
- There are two formats of ‘check’ target. One is to specify a check message with a query. The other is to call a function, which returns a boolean value.
- When the ‘check’ target is used as a message with a query, the returned value of the query must be one row with two columns named ‘actual’ and ‘expected’.
Debugger interface
Jupyter- Install
Jupyter first with command pip install jupyterlab.
- Create a file named
debugger.py with contents like below: - (A more detailed sample could be found here.)
- Create a file named
test.sql with contents as here.
- Then start jupyter lab with command:
jupyter lab.
- Start debugging like below:

Write data
- There must be a full table name (both database name and table name specified) after the ‘output’ keyword in the target definition.
- The table must be created before writing data.
- If we’d like to create tables automatically, we need to define a special variable named ‘__create_output_table__’ with value equals to 1.
- If we’d like to write data to some static partition of the output table, we need to define a special variable named ‘__partition__’ with partition column name followed by. An example could be ‘__partition__data_date’. Then the partition column is ‘data_date’. The value of the variable will be the partition value when writing data.
- If we’d like to write data to some static partition of the output table, we can only define one partition value at the moment.
- If the query returns more columns than what is defined by the real table, the extra columns will be ignored.
- If the query returns less columns than what is defined by the real table, an error will be raised.
List variables
[1, 2, 3]SQL actions
- There should be a descriptive name for an action. The name should be composed of chars ‘0-9a-zA-Z_’ and follow the ‘action’ keyword.
- In the body of an action target, templates and variables can be used as in any other target.
Summary
- Templates that could be reused in the same ETL file.
- Include command that could be used to reuse code at file level.
- Debugging support: logging and assertion that could be used for debugging.
- A debugger interface.
- Other features:write data to tables; list variables; SQL actions.
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