PXE network

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Catalog

PXE Principles and concepts

advantage

Prerequisite

KickStart summary

PXE Service construction process

PXE The experimental steps

One 、 Install and enable DHCP service

Two 、 Install and enable TFTP service

3、 ... and 、 Get ready PXE Bootstrap pxelinux.0

Four 、 Configure the Startup menu file

5、 ... and 、 install ftp service , Get ready CentOS 7 Install source

6、 ... and 、 Realization Kickstart Unattended installation

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PXE Principles and concepts

PXE Strictly speaking, it is not an installation method , It's a way of guiding . Conduct PXE The necessary condition for installation is that the computer to be installed contains a PXE Supported network cards （NIC）, That is, there must be PXE Client.PXE （Pre-boot Execution Environment） The protocol enables the computer to start over the network . The agreement is divided into client and server End ,PXE client On the network card ROM in , When the computer boots ,BIOS hold PXE client Call in memory to execute , from PXE client Download the files placed at the remote end to run locally through the network . function PXE The protocol needs to be set DHCP The server and TFTP The server .DHCP The server is used for PXE client（ The host on which the system will be installed ） Allocate one IP Address , Because it's for PXE client Distribute IP Address , So in configuration DHCP You need to add the corresponding PXE Set up . Besides , stay PXE client Of ROM in , It already exists TFTP Client.PXE Client adopt TFTP The agreement reached TFTP Server Download the required files .

advantage

scale ： Set up multiple servers at the same time ; automation ： Install the system 、 Configure various services ; Remote implementation ： You don't need a CD 、U Disk and other installation media .

Prerequisite

The client's network card supports PXE agreement （ Integrate BOOTROM chip ）, And the motherboard supports network boot . There's one on the Internet DHCP Server to automatically assign addresses to clients 、 Specify the boot file location . Server pass TFTP（Trivial File Transfer Protocol, Simple file transfer protocol ） Download the boot image file . among , The first condition is actually the hardware requirements , At present, most servers and most PC Can provide this support , Just in BIOS Setting allows Network or LAN Start it up .

KickStart summary

KickStart It's a kind of unattended installation .KickStart The working principle is to record various parameters filled in by manual intervention during the typical installation process , And generate a file named ks.cfg The file of ; During the subsequent installation （ It's not just about generating KickStart The machine where the files are installed ） When a parameter is required to be filled , Setup will first find KickStart Generated files , When you find the right parameters , Just use the parameters found , When no suitable parameter is found , It requires manual intervention by the installer . such , If KickStart The file covers all the parameters that need to be filled in during installation , The installer can simply tell the installer where to get ks.cfg file , Then go and do your own thing . After installation , The installation program will follow ks.cfg To restart the system , And end the installation .

PXE Service construction process

1.PXE The client sends DHCP request , towards DHCP Server application IP Address . 2.DHCP Server response PXE Client requests , Automatically from IP Allocate an address in the address pool IP Address to PXE The client , And tell PXE The client ：TFTP Server's IP Address and PXE Bootloader file pxelinux.0, Default in TFTP share directory /var/lib/tftpboot/ Next . 3.PXE The client is going to TFTP The server initiates the acquisition pxelinux.0 Request for bootstrap file . 4.TFTP Server response PXE Client requests , Share it pxelinux.0 File transfer to PXE The client . 5.PXE The client starts to the main interface of system installation through the network . 6.PXE Client to file sharing server （ftp、http、nfs etc. ） Initiate acquisition centos or windows Request for system installation files . 7. File sharing service response PXE Client requests , Transfer the shared system installation files to PXE The client . 8.PXE The client enters the installation prompt wizard interface , Users need to manually complete the operation of system installation

PXE The experimental steps

Environmental preparation ： One action pxe The server , One as a bare metal client , Bind the same network card , Bare metal client vmnet1 Uncheck the network card dhcp To configure . close selinux And the firewall

Host server address ：192.168.253.12 Host name ：KY17

A mainframe ：1） Configure dual NIC One function is dhcp, One is to use the network source to install the environment package 2）DHCP Deploy 3）tftp-server  Server pass TFTP（Trivial File Transfer Protocol, Simple file transfer protocol ） Download the boot image file . 4）syslinux // To provide with pxe The boot program of 5）xinetd // For hosting tftp 6）vsftpd // Used to place the installation image , adopt ftp Access the image installation 7）kickstart // For unattended installation

One 、 Install and enable DHCP service

yum -y install dhcp
cp -rfp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 

 Make the following settings in the configuration file ：
vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 
ddns-update-style none;   //  Disable dynamic updates 

subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {     // Configure network segment 
  range 192.168.100.40 192.168.100.50;  // Configure address pool 
  option routers 192.168.100.100;   // configure gateway 
  option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;
  next-server 192.168.100.100;    // Appoint tftp The address of the server （*）
  filename "pxelinux.0";    // Appoint pxe The file name of the bootloader （*）
}

systemctl start dhcpd
systemctl enable dhcpd

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Two 、 Install and enable TFTP service

yum -y install tftp-server
yum -y install xinetd


vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp      

service tftp
{
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = no    //wait no Indicates that multiple clients can be connected together ,yes Indicates that the client can only be connected to one by one , Indicates whether to enable multithreading to work together , Otherwise you need to wait 
        user                    = root
        server                    = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot    // Appoint TFTP root directory （ The storage path of the boot file ） -c Allow upload 
        disable                 = no   //disable no Open for indication TFTP service  
        per_source              = 11    // By limiting the maximum number of connections to a host , So as to prevent a host from monopolizing a service , Every one here IP The number of connections to the address is 11 individual 
        cps                     = 100 2   // Indicates that the server can start up at most 100 A connection , If this number is reached, new services will stop starting 2 second . No requests will be accepted during this period 
        flags                   = IPv4
}




# Get ready  tftp  Files that need to be shared 
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
cd /mnt/images/pxeboot/
# Kernel files   The kernel initializes the image file     /var/lib/tftpboot/  Site 
cp initrd.img vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/

systemctl start xinetd
systemctl enable  xinetd
systemctl start tftp
systemctl enable tftp

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3、 ... and 、 Get ready PXE Bootstrap pxelinux.0

yum provides */pxelinux.0   // Find out which package this file is installed by , Use when not a path and a package */
yum -y install syslinux
rpm -ql syslinux | grep pxelinux   # lookup pxe The location of the bootstrap 
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/   # copy to tftp Under the root directory of , System boot file 

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Four 、 Configure the Startup menu file

mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg    // Default pxelinux.cfg There is no need to manually create , Note that it is a directory, not a directory .cfg ending 


 The following is purely manual configuration default Menu file 
vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 
default auto // Specify the default entry name  , Corresponding to the following label auto
prompt 1 // Set whether to wait for the user to choose ,1  Wait for user control ,0 Indicates that you do not wait for user control , During installation, there will be boot: Press enter to select auto Pattern 


label auto   // Default graphics installation 
      kernel vmlinuz 
      append initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.100.100/centos7    //method You must specify a network path 

label linux text    // Text installation mode , appear boot： Time input linux text
      kernel vmlinuz 
      append text initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.100.100/centos7 

label linux rescue    // Rescue mode , appear boot： Time input linux rescue
      kernel vmlinuz 
	  append rescue initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.100.100/centos7

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5、 ... and 、 install ftp service , Get ready CentOS 7 Install source

yum -y install vsftpd
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mkdir /var/ftp/centos7
cp -rf /mnt/* /var/ftp/centos7    # Copy the image into it 
systemctl start vsftpd 

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6、 ... and 、 Realization Kickstart Unattended installation

example ： Realization Kickstart Unattended installation （ Use desktop environment ） 1、 Prepare to install the answer file yum install -y system-config-kickstart—— Install the software

2、 open “Kickstart Configuration program ” window From the Desktop Menu “ Applications ”–>“ System tools ”–>“Kickstart” open or perform “system-config-kickstart” Command to open

3、 configuration option The default language is set to “ chinese （ Simplified Chinese character ）” The time zone is set to “Asia/Shanghai” Set up root password Check... In advanced configuration “ Restart after installation ”.

● Installation method choose FTP FTP The server ：ftp://192.168.80.10 FTP Catalog ：centos7

● Bootloader options

“ Installation type ”： Install the new bootloader “ Installation options ”： In the master boot record （MBR） Install bootloader in

Master boot record ： Clear master boot record Partition ： Delete all existing partitions Disk label ： Initialize disk label Layout ： Add partition Mount point ：/boot, File system type ：xfs, Fixed size ：500M File system type ：swap, Fixed size ：4096M Mount point ：/home, File system type ：xfs, Fixed size ：4096M Mount point ：/, File system type ：xfs, Use all unused space on the disk

● The network configuration ： Add network devices “ens33” The network type is set to “DHCP”

● Firewall configuration ： Ban SELinux、 Disable firewall

● Post install scripts ： Check “ Using the interpreter ”：/bin/bash rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/* echo ‘[local] name=local baseurl=ftp://192.168.221.20/centos7 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0’ > /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo

4、 Save auto answer file choice “Kickstart Configuration program ” Window “ file ”–>“ preservation ” command , Select the specified save location , The file named ks.cfg The default is saved in /root/ks.cfg

5、 Configure the installation package According to the need /root/anaconda-ks.cfg Copy the package installation script to ks.cfg In file , Just copy %packages To %end Part can be . cp /root/ks.cfg /var/ftp/ks.cfg

 If you need to configure the software package yourself , You need to edit ks.cfg file 
vim ks.cfg
 Add to last 

%packages
@^graphical-server-environment
@base
@core
@desktop-debugging
@development
@dial-up
@fonts
@gnome-desktop
@guest-agents
@guest-desktop-agents
@hardware-monitoring
@input-methods
@internet-browser
@multimedia
@print-client
@x11
chrony

%end


 If minimum installation is required , You can copy the following content and add it to the end 

vim ks.cfg
%packages
@^minimal
%end

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6、 Edit the boot menu file default, add to ks Guidance parameters vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default default auto prompt 0 # Set whether to wait for the user to choose ,“0” Indicates that you do not wait for user control

label auto kernel vmlinuz #kernel and append Used to define the boot parameters append initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.80.10/centos7 ks=ftp://192.168.80.10/ks.cfg # add to ks Boot parameters to specify ks.cfg Answer file URL route

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