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HCIA动态路由OSPF实验
2022-07-26 22:48:00 【KXY的网路课日常】
Ospf:开放式最短路径优先协议
无类别链路状态igp协议;周期更新(30min)+触发更新;链路状态协议的更新量随着网络范围的扩展指数性的上升,因此ospf协议为了在中大型网络中工作,需要结构化的部署-区域划分、合理ip地址规划;组播更新--- 224.0.0.5 224.0.0.6
DR/BDR选举
邻居成为邻接关系的条件;与网络类型有关;
网络类型:
点到点--在一个网段内只能存在两个节点 -- 串线链路
MA--多路访问-在一个网段内的节点数量不限制;不是当下连接了几个节点;而是该网络类型允许最终连接多个节点;--以太网
点到点网络邻居关系直接成为邻接关系;在MA网络中,将进行DR/BDR选举;在一个网段中仅DR/BDR与其他路由器为邻接关系;非DR/BDR之间为邻居关系;
选举规则:
- 先比较该网段所有参选设备接口的优先级,越大越优;
默认优先级为1;取值范围0-255,0标识不参选
2.若所有参选者优先级相同,比较参选设备的RID,数值大优;
实验:

第一步搭建网络基础,拓扑设计

对192.168.1.0/24进行子网划分

下一步
配置OSPF进行宣告
R1
ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
are 0
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
R2
ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
are 0
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
R3
ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
area 0
network 192.168.1.98 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.1.3 0.0.0.0
R4
ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
area 1
network 192.168.1.130 0.0.0.0
ospf 1
设置R3为DR设备
dispaly ospf 查看有BDR

对R1 R2输入
int g0/0/0
ospf dr-priority 0
再次查看

要达到全网可达R4需要向其他设备发送缺省
输入
default-route originate
然后查看路由表,每个路由器自动增加了一条缺省

检测用R1pingR4的缺省

为保障更新安全,对接口进行加密
R1
ospf 1
default-route originate
int g0/0/0
ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 456789
R2
int g0/0/0
ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 456789
R3
int g0/0/0
ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 456789
int g0/0/1
ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
ospf 1
are 0
abr-summary 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.128
R4
int g0/0/0
ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
下一步为减少路由数量进行汇总,对R1 R2 R3输入
ospf 1
are 0
abr-summary 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.128

最后一步为防止环路,对R3增加一个空接口
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 25 NULL0
实验结束
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