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CSDN salary increase technology selenium automated test stack summary

2022-06-28 19:51:00 【Test Architect Bei fan】

Preface ：

I'm uncle fan , Cut the crap and go straight to dry goods

【 The end of the article leaves a lot of benefits for everyone 】

One 、Selenium automated testing （ be based on python）

1、Selenium brief introduction ：

1.1 Selenium It is mainly used for Web A collection of tools for automated testing of applications .Selenium Test runs directly in browser , The essence is to drive the browser , Simulate the operation of the browser , Like jumping 、 Input 、 Click on 、 Drop down, etc. , To get the result after rendering the web page , It can support multiple browsers, such as ,chorme,FireFox,IE etc. .

1.2 Selenium WebDriver： A common testing framework in the industry , Not only is web The standard of testing , At the same time, it is also the underlying core driver framework in the field of mobile testing ;

1.3 Python It's dynamic language ;

1.4 Selenium It includes a series of tool components ：

1）Selenium IDE： It's embedded in FireFox Browser plug-ins , Used in Firefox Record and playback on Selenium Script , Although only in Firefox Next use , But it can convert recorded scripts into various Selenium WebDriver Supported programming languages , Then it can be extended to a wider range of browser types ;

2） Selenium WebDriver： Can support multiple languages , A set for operating the browser API; Support various types of browsers , Cross operating system ,WebDriver Provides complete , Used to implement web Third party libraries for automated testing ;

3） Selenium Standalone Server： Include Selenium Grid、 Remote control 、 Distributed deployment, etc , Can be realized Selenium Efficient execution and expansion of scripts ; utilize Grid Make automated tests run in parallel , Even across platforms 、 Run in a heterogeneous environment ;

2、 be based on python Of selenium WebDeriver Environmental installation

Selenium Can automatically manipulate the browser to do a lot , Such as simulating the interaction with the browser , And support to most mainstream browsers ; First, you need to choose a language to write automated scripts , And this language needs to have Selenium client library Support , choice Python;

2.1 install python and selenium, Different installation versions can be downloaded from the platform

1） install selenium

Win：pip install selenium
Mac: pip3 install selenium

2） install WebDriver, This tool is for selenium Use Chrome.（ notes ：webdriver The corresponding browser version and selenium The version corresponds to ）

3）WebDriver The installation path

Win： Copy webdriver To Python Installation directory
Mac： Copy webdriver To /usr/local/bin Under the table of contents

2.2 PyCharm Set up

1）PyCharm There are two versions ： Community and professional , The Community Edition is free , You can download and use ;

2） In the use of PyCharm when , Need configuration Python Interpreter , We choose to support selenium Of Python Version interpreter ;

3、Selenium WebDriver be based on Python Implementation script

3.1 according to webDriver Provides a series of object positioning methods , Get elements , Implement test cases

3.2 webDriver Common element positioning methods are ：

①　id location ：find_element_by_id()

②　name location ：find_element_by_name()

③　class location ：find_element_by_class_name()

④　link location ：find_element_by_link_text()

⑤　partial link location ：find_element_by_partial_link_text()

⑥　tag location ：find_element_by_tag_name()

⑦　xpath location ：find_element_by_xpath()

⑧　css location ：find_element_by_css_selector()

4、unittest Write unit tests and output test reports

Use only Selenium WebDriver, There are still some things that cannot be achieved ： such as Implementation of test preconditions 、 Test post conditions , Compare the expected results with the actual results , Check the status of the program , Generate test reports and other functions ; So you need to use unittest To create based on Python Of Selenium WebDriver The test script ;

4.1 What is? unittest

Unittest It is also known as PyUnit, It's from java Widely used in program development Unit Inspired by , have access to unittest Create a comprehensive test suite for your project ,unittest Have the ability to create test cases 、 test suite , Test fixture capability ;

unitest Components ：

1）Test Fixture（ Test fixture ）： You can define the preparation work before single or multiple test execution and the cleaning work after test execution ;

2）Test Case（ The test case ）：unittest The smallest unit of test execution in , Pass the verification unittest Provided assert Method to verify the response after a specific set of operations and inputs ,unittest A file named TestCase The base class , Can be used to create test cases ;

3）Test Suit（ test suite ）： A test suite is a collection of multiple tests or test cases , It is a set of tests created for the corresponding functions and modules of the program under test , The test cases in a test suite will be executed together ;

4）Test Runner（ Test the actuator ）： The test executor is responsible for test execution scheduling and generating test results to users , The test executor can use a graphical interface 、 Text interface or specific return value to display the test execution results ;

5）Test Report（ Test report ）： The test report shows a summary of the success or failure status of all execution cases , Include the expected and actual results of failed test steps , There is also a summary of the overall operation status and operation time ;

4.2 Use unittest To write the Selenium WebDriver test

1）Arrange： Initialize preconditions , Initialize the tested object , Related configurations and dependencies ;

2）Act： Perform functional operations ;

3）Assert： It is used to verify whether the actual results are consistent with the expected results ;

4.3 Use TestCase Class to implement a test

1） Integrate TestCase Class and add test methods to each test in the test class to create a single test or a set of tests ;

2）TestCase Medium assert Method , The main task is call assertEqual() To verify the results ;assertTrue() To verify the condition ;assertRaises To verify the expected exception , In addition to adding tests , You can also add test fixtures ,setUp() Methods and tearDown() Method ;

3） A test case is from setUp() Method start execution , So you can perform some initialization tasks before each test starts ; This method has no parameters , No return value , Then write test Method , These test methods are named test start , This naming convention notifies test runner Which method represents the test method ;

notes ：test runner Every test method you can find , Will be executed before the test method is executed setUp() Method , This helps ensure that each test method can rely on the same environment .

4）tearDown() Method will be called after the test execution is completed , Used to clean up all initial values ;

5） In order to pass the command line test , We can add pairs to the test main Method call ; We will pass on verbosity Parameters so that the detailed test results are displayed on the console ;

The test case code is shown in the following figure （Testcase01.py）, If the test passes , The browser will eventually exit , If something goes wrong , The console will print out relevant information ,

（ chart -Testcase01.py）

4.4 Create... For a set of tests TestSuite

1） application unittest Of TestSuites characteristic , Different tests can be grouped into a logical group , Then set up a unified test suite , And execute through a command ; Concrete adoption TestSuites、TestLoader and TestRunner Class to implement ;

2） Use TestSuites Class to define and execute the test suite , Add multiple testables to a test suite , You can also use TestLoader and TextTestRunner Create and run test suites , An example is shown below （TestSuites.py）;

（ chart -TestSuites.py）

4.5 Use unittest Extension to generate HTML Formatted test report

unittest An extension of HTMLTestRunner You can generate test reports . The generated test report format is more friendly , You can view the test results , And can go deep into every detail . The example code is shown in the figure below （testsuiteshtml.py）

（ chart -testsuiteshtml.py）

The test report is shown in the figure below （TestReport）

5、 summary

The above contents are mainly selenium be based on python, Use WebDriver、Unittest Components , Use element positioning , Complete the test case , Simple steps to output test reports , Other problems may be encountered in actual operation , Solve specific problems .