Embedded ~ introduction

1 A caption

The embedded system consists of Hardware and Software form ． Is able to Operate independently The device .

Software Content ： Software running environment 、 operating system .
Hardware Content ： Signal processor 、 Memory 、 Communication module, etc .

Compared with the general computer processing system , There are great differences in embedded systems , Because most embedded systems are designed for specific problems or other needs , With obvious purpose . It can't realize the function of large capacity storage , Because there is no matching high-capacity media , Most of the storage media used are E-PROM、EEPROM etc. , Software part API Programming interface is the core of the development platform .

2 Some key points

Embedded system is based on application Centered , With Modern computer technology Based on , According to the needs of users ( function 、 reliability 、 cost 、 Volume 、 Power waste 、 Environment, etc ) A special computer system for flexibly cutting software and hardware modules . It contains the following points ：

1. Application centric ： Embedded system is designed to meet the specific needs of users , After meeting current needs , There is no need for secondary development or only a few configuration operations
2. Specificity ： Special system serving for specific application is the mainstream mode of embedded system , It does not emphasize the versatility and scalability of the system . This specificity usually leads to the embedded system is a final system with close integration of software and hardware , Because this can more effectively improve the reliability of the whole system and reduce costs , And make it have a better user experience
3. Take modern computer technology as the core ： The most basic supporting technology of embedded system , Generally, it includes integrated circuit design technology 、 System structure technology 、 Sensing and detection technology 、 Embedded operating system and real-time operating system technology 、 Highly reliable software development technology for resource constrained systems 、 System formal specification and verification technology 、 Communications technology 、 Low power technology 、 Data analysis in specific application fields 、 Signal processing and control optimization technology , They revolve around the basic principles of computers , Integrated into specific special equipment, an embedded system is formed
4. Software and hardware can be tailored ： According to different needs , Flexible cutting of software and hardware 、 Building a final system that meets the requirements is the inevitable technical route for the development of Embedded Technology

3 System composition

From the perspective of external characteristics , An embedded system , It is usually a fully functional 、 A software and hardware integrated system that can operate independently without relying on other external devices . If such a system is dissected , It can be found that it may roughly include these levels , As shown in the figure .

1） Embedded microprocessors

Embedded microprocessors （Embedded Microprocessor Unit,EMPU） It is based on the standard of general-purpose computer CPU For microprocessors , And assemble it on a specially designed circuit board , And only the motherboard functions related to embedded applications are reserved , Constitute an embedded system . Compared with general-purpose computers , Its system volume and power consumption are greatly reduced , And the range of working temperature 、 Anti electromagnetic interference ability 、 The reliability of the system has been improved .
stay EMPU in , Microprocessor is the core of the whole system , Usually by 3 Most of the components ： control unit 、 ALUs and registers .

2） Embedded digital signal processor

Embedded digital signal processor （Embedded Digital Signal Processor,EDSP） The system structure and instructions are specially designed , Make it suitable for execution DSP Algorithm , High compilation efficiency , Instruction execution speed is also faster , In digital filtering 、FFT、 Spectral analysis, etc ,DSP The algorithm has been widely used in embedded field ,DSP The application is being realized by ordinary instructions in the single chip microcomputer DSP function , Transition to adoption EDSP.

3） Embedded system on chip

Embedded system on chip （System on Chip,SoC） It is a system group chip that integrates system performance on one chip . It usually contains one or more microprocessors IP nucleus （CPU）, One or more can be added as required DSP IP nucleus , Corresponding peripheral special function modules , And a certain amount of memory （RAM、ROM） etc. , And integrate its design on the chip according to the performance required by the application , Become a system operation chip . Its main feature is that the embedded system can run on various types of microprocessors , Compatibility is good. , The kernel of the operating system is small , The effect is good .

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