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使用Go语言实现try{}catch{}finally
2022-07-03 01:34:00 【ZWZhangYu】
示例
Java开发肯定都熟悉try{}catch{}finally,在使用Go语言实现前,我们需要先搞清楚这三个步骤的流程:
【1】先执行try代码块,然后是catch代码块,其次是finally代码块
【2】catch会在try代码块发生异常时执行,常用于捕获异常然后回滚事务
【3】三个代码块的内部互相独立,内部声明的对象变量不共享
package exception
import "fmt"
// 定义结构
type TcfBlock struct {
Try func()
Catch func(interface{
})
Finally func()
}
// 构建整体的执行流程,类似于模板方法的设计
func (b TcfBlock) Do() {
fmt.Println("执行Do")
if b.Finally != nil {
defer b.Finally()
}
if b.Catch != nil {
defer func() {
if e := recover(); e != nil {
b.Catch(e)
}
}()
}
b.Try()
}
上面定义了TcfBlock 的结构体,结构体里面有三个函数,这三个函数就对应的try{}catch{}finally的三个步骤,在下面的Do方法中构建了三个函数的执行流程,相当于模板方法设计,定义架构。
package main
import (
"fmt"
"practise/error/transaction/component"
)
// 测试try{}catch{}finally组件
func main() {
component.TcfBlock{
Try: func() {
fmt.Println("执行Try代码")
testError()
},
Catch: func(e interface{
}) {
testCatch(e)
},
Finally: func() {
fmt.Println("执行Finally代码")
},
}.Do()
}
func testCatch(e interface{
}) {
fmt.Println("执行Catch代码")
}
func testError() {
panic("模拟异常")
}

分析
【1】Recover 是一个Go语言的内建函数,可以让进入宕机流程中的 goroutine 恢复过来,recover 仅在延迟函数 defer 中有效,在正常的执行过程中,调用 recover 会返回 nil 并且没有其他任何效果,如果当前的 goroutine 陷入恐慌,调用 recover 可以捕获到 panic 的输入值,并且恢复正常的执行。上面的Catch代码中if e := recover(); e != nil 就是通过recover()来捕获测试代码中panic(“模拟异常”)的异常。这里需要注意Go中异常是通过返回值处理的,我们需要根据实际情况进行处理并抛出异常。
【2】goLang如果一个代码块有多个defer,那么按照后入先出的顺序,类似栈的数据结构,使用该特性可以实现catch和Finally的defer执行顺序,实现Finally在catch后面执行,并且可以保证二者都会执行。
【3】使用上述实现的try{}catch{}finally组件适用于数据库事务操作,可以将多个数据操作放在try里面并在catch捕获异常,然后确定事务提交或者事务回滚。
【4】参考如上的组件设计,可以实现一些固定模板架构的功能流程,这样整体的代码看起来也更加清晰
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