Cognitive science popularization of middle-aged people

What is cognition

Old rules , A few lines of water above

Continue to water a few lines

Why suddenly talk about cognition

middle-aged , Suddenly realized , It turns out that everyone lives in their own world . The most interesting point , Although we live in the same physical laws , policy , economic , Under Humanistic conditions （ There are the same material conditions , There are also the same humanistic conditions ）, But each of us , Perceived subjective world , But it can be completely different . Put aside emotions and so on , The differences that make up this personal experience , To a large extent, it is the difference of cognition , Subjective response is objective , Take this point .

“ I ” Why do you feel the same world

The writer is from Chaoshan , The 57th nation of China , I grew up in the village , Water again , The same human environment .
On the test paper , Science will tell you , The answer is the same , The mapping is , The objective rules are the same . Liberal arts has elaborated , Have understanding , But the law can also be summarized （ grammar , Sentence patterns , If you don't understand, choose c, How to write argumentative essays in the college entrance examination will not collapse ）.

In society , Chaoshan people believe , You should be loyal when you come out , Don't worry about details , Clever, you earn others once , The second time no one took you as a brother ; Being a boss is the pursuit of life , It's impossible to work ; Men just want to earn money to support their families ; If you have something to do, ask an acquaintance if there is any way （ for instance , Motorcycles were detained in the Bureau for violating regulations , Find acquaintances , Uncle policeman wants to apologize ： Mama ah , I don't know who I am , Sorry, haha , I'll deliver it for you ; No acquaintances go directly , Write a review first and then fine ）

My friends all have similar ideas , Maybe you are good at math , I am good at English , But they are all differences in details , It seems that the subjective world in brothers' minds is the same , Another layer , Adults are similar （ Including teachers ）, So in fact, the whole world makes friends like this , Strive to succeed ？？

City people play differently

After college , My first job , Introduced by acquaintances , Um. , Come out and mix “ One's own ” No mistake （ My graduation certificate is also easy to find a job ）. My parents care about my work , Every time I go home , It must follow the family routine , Prepare tea for leaders .（ Chaoshan area , Relatives and friends must give gifts to each other during the Spring Festival ）

The embarrassment is coming , Send tea every time , Leaders are very entangled . Don't take it , It seems that I'm sorry for Xiao Chen's sincerity , Take it , It seems that they really have some private friends . Finally, the leader can't , Only education ： Xiao Chen , You said two suppliers , All are 80 branch , Then one of them can talk with me , I'm happy to choose him ; But a 70 branch , One 80 branch , There's nothing to talk about , understand ？

It turns out that the whole world doesn't think so . A positive confrontation between the social ideas of strangers and acquaintances , City people play differently .

Traditional small villages , A typical acquaintance society , Living in the human circle since childhood , Information , Work , Mate selection , Nothing can do without human feelings . Have a foothold in society , Skill is inevitable , But first of all, you have to be a person . friendly , Low sense of distance but easy to cross the border （ The elders make the younger generation too young , Through care , Human interference in personal affairs and so on ）

Cities are more like the western society of strangers , People gather , Scale effect utilizes infrastructure , The sense of distance between people is stronger , A weaker sense of belonging , Close the door of commercial housing , You can live and die without contact . competition , Mutual respect but independence .

Cognitive components

Cognition is like an iceberg . The part below the sea , The invisible part , Is the real foundation —— It determines the part above the sea .

Common components of cognition ： In a small circle 「 Consensus 」, Country , National 「 Cultural context 」; The basic subject cognition of contemporary education ; Higher education , Professional cognition of self-study part ; Consensus in the organization ; Social college education interpersonal , Pit prevention awareness . Personal experience , Interest in , reflection , For objective precipitation , Finally, personal subjective cognition is formed .

such as ： you are here B Stand and watch the video , You may see some barrages , It is full of all kinds of abbreviations 、 Letter 、 written words …… You may find it inexplicable ： What ？ Look not to understand . Yes , You are not an insider , I can't understand the stem . In fact, all circles have their own language system , occupation 、 Skill 、 hobby 、 sense of worth 、 position …… In order to strengthen the tightness within the circle .（ For example, programmers work overtime and can't repair computers , We don't lose hair ）

Examples of cultural context ： English people have a habit , be called 「 touch on lightly 」.
In the Korean War , There is one branch. 650 The British army was surrounded by 10000 volunteers . The American commander asked the British captain ： How is your situation ？ The captain answered lightly ：「 It's a little tricky 」.
To Americans , The meaning of this sentence is 「 A little bit of a problem , But we can solve 」, So they were ordered to hold their ground . result , This British army was almost wiped out , Only a few people escaped .

Any cultural context , It's all based on 「 There are some hidden rules , We all know them , And we all know that each other knows them 」. under these circumstances , To achieve effective communication .

such as , As a Chinese , We all know ：「 It's a nice day. 」 It means that there is nothing to talk about ;
「 Did you have your meal? 」 It means casual greetings ;
「 Let's talk about it next time 」 Namely 「 I'm not interested in , No next time 」 It means ;
「 We'll let you know if there's any news 」, Namely 「 We don't want you , But I'm sorry to say so 」 It means .

Except consensus , Birth 、 Experience 、 position 、 habit 、 Faith and so on , May affect the composition of personal cognition ; In turn, , Update cognition , It may also affect one's position 、 Faith, etc .

To achieve effective communication , Please try to understand each other's cognitive composition , Describe the facts more , Clarify the concept of discussion , Try to form a consensus （ Agree with the correct description , Only comment on the problem description ）, Rather than care about the win or loss of this communication .

Refresh cognition

A brain patch , What did the ancients know about the world .
According to the degree of scientific development in ancient times , The ancients' understanding of the world in the early stage can only feel the round sky and place subjectively , The power of heaven and earth , It can only be explained by gods . People must rationalize their behavior , Rationalize the world , Even the mentally disabled have their own set of internal logic to convince themselves .

From the period of Mediterranean civilization to the end of the Middle Ages , People's cognition of the universe is geocentric .
The next leap in understanding the universe was accomplished by Copernicus ： Heliocentric theory . Later, “ The scientific revolution ” It also opens .
With the progress of instruments and research , The Milky way is discovered . We finally know today , This galaxy is full of galaxies 、 The elastic universe is about 150 It evolved from an extremely hot and dense small Nebula 100 million years ago .

But Einstein told us ： The whole universe is a 「4 dimension 」 The unity of time and space （ Also known as Minkowski space-time , or 3 Dimensional space plus 1 Wei's time ）, All events have a definite coordinate .
in other words ： The whole universe from birth to death , Everything is 「 Real existence 」 Of . There is no so-called past 、 Present and future . We just walk along the time axis , Keep bumping into these events .
This model of the universe , be called 「 Massive universe 」（Block Universe）. This concept of time and space , It's called 「 Eternity 」（Eternalism）.

2016 year , A group of top physicists held a conference on cosmology （TIME IN COSMOLOGY）. Most physicists agree 「 Massive universe 」 and 「 Eternity 」, Only a few scientists disagree .

in other words , In Physics , Now the general consensus is basically ： Everything has been decided . Refresh your understanding ？

The whole universe is like a film , We sat in the cinema , Watch the film on the screen . We think the frame we are playing now is 「 Now? 」, Only this frame is real , Neither the past nor the future exist .
But it's not . The whole movie , No matter in the past 、 Present and future , All concentrated in the whole film . It just plays out frame by frame , We are constantly seeing , Recognized by our consciousness as 「 Now? 」 nothing more .

ok, It is assumed that the material level is determined , At the level of consciousness ？

Neuroscientist Benjamin Libet I have done a series of experiments , He found that ： As early as the participants produced a 「 idea 」 Before , Participants' brains will produce a wave peak of electrical signals . Through this crest , He can predict in advance what participants will do next .(Libet et al., 1983)
This electrical signal is generated by the participants 「 idea 」 How much ahead of time ？ On average 0.3 About seconds .
This is a discovery that shocked the psychological and neuroscience circles .
therefore , A series of experiments were repeated one after another , To test this hypothesis .

2008 year , Korean scientists Chun Siong Soon Did a series of experiments . He used fMRI（ A common modern brain imaging technology ） Check the brain activity of the participants , And let the participants complete the task of pressing the button . Results found ：
Through the monitoring of brain activity , Researchers can predict exactly ： When will participants press which button .（Chun Siong Soon et al., 2008）
in other words ： As early as the participants 「 Decide to press the button 」 A few seconds ago , Its brain has sent out relevant signals . It's not so much that the participants press the button themselves , Rather, it is dominated by this signal , Press the button .
（ The citation of this paper is as high as 2000 many times , It can be seen that the academic circles attach importance to this ）

Another experiment is Fried On 2011 Improved in Libet Type experiment . By using more advanced technology , The prediction success rate is increased to 80% above .（I Fried et al., 2011）

Someone might ask ： Is it possible that this electrical signal is a time difference , Or the preparation signal of action ？ This conjecture is also Chun Siong Soon Overturned . stay 2013 In the experiment of , He ruled out the possibility of action potentials , And the prediction advance is accurate to 4 About seconds .（Chun Siong Soon et al., 2013）

These experiments jointly support the following conclusions ：
The conscious actions we take , Probably not from 「 Our consciousness 」. Refresh your understanding ？

Or let's change the angle , Talk about genetics , In one's life , Among all the achievements , Innate and acquired ingredients , How many are they respectively ？

Behavioral geneticists Eric Turkheimer, stay 2000 It's a summary of 「 The first law of behavioral genetics 」：
All behavioral traits are heritable .
All the characteristics , Heritability is 0-1 Between , Most of them are located in 0.4-0.6, A small part is higher than 0.6, There is no heritability of 0 The characteristics of .
In our lives , The heritability of traits that are crucial to us , They're all very high . such as , The heritability of intelligence is about 0.8-0.85; character （ Big Five personality ） The heritability of is about 0.7-0.8.
in other words ： A person's intelligence , On average , Yes 80% The possibility of , They are highly similar to their parents ; Only 20% People who , There will be a gap with parents （ Higher or lower ）.

One possible reason is ： There are more than half of the genes , Are expressed in the brain . Refresh your understanding ？

We turn back to the economy ：

In the past 20 year , China's share of the world's manufacturing industry has increased from 5% Rise to 28%, The corresponding is “ The G7 ” Proportion from 62% Down to 37%, The proportion of all other countries has hardly changed .

If you update the above cognition , It may better understand why trade conflicts continue .
Maybe the confidence and understanding of made in China will also be updated .
Maybe when I submit my resume , beauty , Gree can also consider .

Reconstruct the world

This is not advocating determinism , Nor is it specialized in brushing cold knowledge , It's just that human beings are really interesting , One side , Look at repetitive work in the abstract , There is no essential difference with animals , It seems that writing a piece of code can sum up a person's day , A year .

for(){
Write bug;
To change the code ;
Meeting wrangle ;
Paid rest ;
pua/ By pua;
}

On the other hand , Human beings use their own subjectivity to map the whole world , There is a great subjective world between individuals / Cognitive differences , Different because of thinking , Even if this difference is innate .

As a modern man , Time is extremely rare , Finally, if you are interested , You can explore several aspects of information ：
philosophy / psychology -》 The human nature / dialectical
economic / major -》money

I'm not sure I'm , But we can better understand the world . Reconstruct the world ,to be the one