RMAN incremental recovery example (1) - without unbacked archive logs

Scene demonstration , Simulate weekend evenings 0 Full preparation , Every night from Monday to Saturday 1 Level backup , If the machine crashes on Wednesday , You need to recover all data as much as possible .

Get back to thinking : Will be on the weekend 0 Level full backup, incremental backup from Monday to Tuesday, and archiving without backup （ If you can find them, they are all in one folder ）, Then register , And then recover .rman It will automatically set all backups in the file and then automatically restore .

All available on weekends

– First 0 Full preparation , Insert all data

-- as follows sql To simulate business data insertion 
DROP TABLE rman_validate;

CREATE TABLE rman_validate(ID NUMBER, event_desc VARCHAR2(200), insert_time DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE);

INSERT INTO rman_validate
   (ID, event_desc, insert_time)
VALUES
   (1, ' The weekend database is complete ', SYSDATE);
   
ALTER system archive log CURRENT; -- Then archive the log 
   
SELECT *  FROM rman_validate;

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perform 0 Level backup

configure default device type to disk;
configure device type disk parallelism 5 BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;
configure channel device type disk maxopenfiles 50 maxpiecesize 32G;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure backup optimization on ;
set controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/data/oracle/rman_data/db0/C0_%d_%F';  
run 
{
    
   sql 'alter system archive log current';
   backup incremental level 0 database tag='Sunday-L0-FULLBAK'
   format '/data/oracle/rman_data/db0/DB0_%d_%T_S%s_P%p' 
   filesperset=50;
   sql 'alter system archive log current';
   backup format='/data/oracle/rman_data/db0/AL0_%d_%T_S%s_P%p' 
   archivelog all not backed up 1 times 
   skip inaccessible
   delete all input;
}

Monday to Friday 1 Level incremental backup

Monday Monday

-- On Monday  1 Level incremental backup 

INSERT INTO rman_validate
   (ID, event_desc, insert_time)
VALUES
   (2, ' Monday 1 Level Iterative Incremental Backup ', SYSDATE);

SELECT *  FROM rman_validate;

Conduct 1 Level backup

configure default device type to disk;
configure device type disk parallelism 5 BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;
configure channel device type disk maxopenfiles 50 maxpiecesize 32G;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure backup optimization on ;
set controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/data/oracle/rman_data/db1/C1_%d_%F';  
run 
{
    
   sql 'alter system archive log current';
   backup incremental level 1 database tag='Monday-daily_db1'
   format '/data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_%d_%T_S%s_P%p' 
   filesperset=50;
   sql 'alter system archive log current';
   backup format='/data/oracle/rman_data/db1/AL1_%d_%T_S%s_P%p' tag='Monday-daily_log'
   archivelog all not backed up 1 times 
   skip inaccessible
   delete all input;
}

Tuesday Tuesday

-- On Tuesday  1 Level incremental backup 

INSERT INTO rman_validate
   (ID, event_desc, insert_time)
VALUES
   (3, ' Tuesday 1 Level Iterative Incremental Backup ', SYSDATE);
   commit;
SELECT *  FROM rman_validate;

Conduct 1 Level backup

configure default device type to disk;
configure device type disk parallelism 5 BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;
configure channel device type disk maxopenfiles 50 maxpiecesize 32G;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure backup optimization on ;
set controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/data/oracle/rman_data/db1/C1_%d_%F';  
run 
{
    
   sql 'alter system archive log current';
   backup incremental level 1 database tag='Tuesday-daily_db1'
   format '/data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_%d_%T_S%s_P%p' 
   filesperset=50;
   sql 'alter system archive log current';
   backup format='/data/oracle/rman_data/db1/AL1_%d_%T_S%s_P%p' tag='Tuesday-daily_log'
   archivelog all not backed up 1 times 
   skip inaccessible
   delete all input;
}

View Backup

RMAN> list backup of  database summary;


List of Backups
===============
Key     TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag
------- -- -- - ----------- --------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
58      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        L0_FULLBAK
59      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        L0_FULLBAK
60      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        L0_FULLBAK
61      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        L0_FULLBAK
62      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        L0_FULLBAK
63      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        L0_FULLBAK
64      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        L0_FULLBAK
65      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        L0_FULLBAK
66      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        L0_FULLBAK
67      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        L0_FULLBAK
68      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        L0_FULLBAK
69      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        L0_FULLBAK
76      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        SUNDAY-L0-FULLBAK
77      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        SUNDAY-L0-FULLBAK
78      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        SUNDAY-L0-FULLBAK
79      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        SUNDAY-L0-FULLBAK
80      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        SUNDAY-L0-FULLBAK
81      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        SUNDAY-L0-FULLBAK
82      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        SUNDAY-L0-FULLBAK
83      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        SUNDAY-L0-FULLBAK
84      B  0  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        SUNDAY-L0-FULLBAK
90      B  1  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        MONDAY-DAILY_DB1
91      B  1  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        MONDAY-DAILY_DB1
92      B  1  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        MONDAY-DAILY_DB1
93      B  1  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        MONDAY-DAILY_DB1
99      B  1  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        TUESDAY-DAILY_DB1
100     B  1  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        TUESDAY-DAILY_DB1
101     B  1  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        TUESDAY-DAILY_DB1
102     B  1  A DISK        05-JAN-22       1       1       YES        TUESDAY-DAILY_DB1

Simulate machine crash

Shut down the database normally

SQL> shutdown immediate

Change the database directory and name , To start the

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2516582192 bytes
Fixed Size                  9137968 bytes
Variable Size             805306368 bytes
Database Buffers         1694498816 bytes
Redo Buffers                7639040 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
# No accident, the control file error is reported , Restore at this time 

Make a full recovery

Rebuild an original folder with the same name as the folder used in the original database

SQL> startup nomount
-- Restore control files 

RESTORE CONTROLFILE FROM '/data/oracle/rman_data/rman_back_all/C1_ORCLCDB_c-2858197352-20220105-07'

-- Boot to mount
SQL> alter database mount;

-- Register the backup file address 
catalog start with '/data/oracle/rman_data/rman_back_all/';

-- If you can still find the archive logs that have not been backed up , Then you can put the archived log in /data/oracle/rman_data/rman_back_all Under this catalog , And then use catlog  Register this archive （ Or directly execute it once after placing it catalog start with  It's fine too ）

-- Resume 
restore database;

-- Report the following error 
Starting recover at 05-JAN-22
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3
using channel ORA_DISK_4
using channel ORA_DISK_5
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00007: /data/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S107_P1
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00004: /data/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: reading from backup piece /data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S106_P1
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00001: /data/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_3: reading from backup piece /data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S105_P1
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00003: /data/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_4: reading from backup piece /data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S104_P1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S107_P1 tag=MONDAY-DAILY_DB1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00007: /data/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S116_P1
channel ORA_DISK_3: piece handle=/data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S105_P1 tag=MONDAY-DAILY_DB1
channel ORA_DISK_3: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_3: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00001: /data/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_3: reading from backup piece /data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S114_P1
channel ORA_DISK_2: piece handle=/data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S106_P1 tag=MONDAY-DAILY_DB1
channel ORA_DISK_2: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_2: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00004: /data/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: reading from backup piece /data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S115_P1
channel ORA_DISK_4: piece handle=/data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S104_P1 tag=MONDAY-DAILY_DB1
channel ORA_DISK_4: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_4: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00003: /data/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_4: reading from backup piece /data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S113_P1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S116_P1 tag=TUESDAY-DAILY_DB1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel ORA_DISK_2: piece handle=/data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S115_P1 tag=TUESDAY-DAILY_DB1
channel ORA_DISK_2: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_2: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel ORA_DISK_3: piece handle=/data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S114_P1 tag=TUESDAY-DAILY_DB1
channel ORA_DISK_3: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_3: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel ORA_DISK_4: piece handle=/data/oracle/rman_data/db1/DB1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S113_P1 tag=TUESDAY-DAILY_DB1
channel ORA_DISK_4: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_4: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

starting media recovery

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=105
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /data/oracle/rman_data/db1/AL1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S119_P1
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_2: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=106
channel ORA_DISK_2: reading from backup piece /data/oracle/rman_data/db1/AL1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S120_P1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/data/oracle/rman_data/db1/AL1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S119_P1 tag=TUESDAY-DAILY_LOG
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/data/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLCDB/archivelog/2022_01_05/o1_mf_1_105_jxccj8nj_.arc thread=1 sequence=105
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/data/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLCDB/archivelog/2022_01_05/o1_mf_1_105_jxccj8nj_.arc RECID=50 STAMP=1093214472
channel ORA_DISK_2: piece handle=/data/oracle/rman_data/db1/AL1_ORCLCDB_20220105_S120_P1 tag=TUESDAY-DAILY_LOG
channel ORA_DISK_2: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_2: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/data/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLCDB/archivelog/2022_01_05/o1_mf_1_106_jxccj8nm_.arc thread=1 sequence=106
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/data/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLCDB/archivelog/2022_01_05/o1_mf_1_106_jxccj8nm_.arc RECID=51 STAMP=1093214472
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=107
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 01/05/2022 22:41:14
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 107 and starting SCN of 8105365

RMAN> 

Solve mistakes ：

RMAN> recover database until scn 8105365;

Starting recover at 06-JAN-22
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=135 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=14 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=132 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=9 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_5
channel ORA_DISK_5: SID=133 device type=DISK

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00

Finished recover at 06-JAN-22

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

Statement processed

Verify the recovery effect

Query the database

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References and commands

###  Delete all rman Backup 

delete backupset; # Delete all backups  

###  Manual archive command 

alter system archive log current;
 
alter system  switch logfile
 
 difference ：https://blog.csdn.net/fred_yang2013/article/details/45171283
 
###  Delete archive command 
 
# Delete the backup archive 
delete archivelog all completed before 'sysdate-7';

# Delete whether it is backed up or not 
delete archivelog until time 'sysdate-1' ; 

# Delete all archives, whether backed up or not 
delete archivelog ALL;

# View all backup archives 
list backup of archivelog all;

# View all archived logs 
list archivelog all;