Introduction to ARCS Model

The background that

ARCS The model was developed by John W ·M· Keller (John M Keller) Professor Yu 20 century 80 A teaching design model proposed in the s . The model focuses on how to mobilize students' learning motivation through instructional design . In view of the lack of systematic introduction to this model in China , This paper gives a brief description .

ARCS explain

So-called ARCS, yes **Attention( Be careful )、 Relevance( relation )、Confidence( confidence ) and Satisfaction( Satisfied )** The first letters of four English words .

In Keller's view , The above four aspects represent four main motivational strategies , Around these four aspects to design teaching , It can better stimulate students' motivation in classroom learning .

first Attention( Be careful )

Teachers can attract and maintain students' attention through the following three aspects of teaching design ：

Perceptual arousal

By using novel 、 Inconsistent or uncertain events and teaching situations to attract and maintain students' attention .

for example , There is a sealed paper box on the platform when the teacher is having class , Ask the students to guess what might be inside .

Stimulate exploration

By asking questions , Or let students generate questions , Stimulate students' information inquiry behavior .

for example , The teacher put forward a question in class 1+1 When is not equal to 2 The problem of , Let's brainstorm collectively , Find the answers to the questions .

change

Maintain students' interest by changing various teaching elements .

for example , Teachers change the learning methods of various media or students ( Such as operation activities 、 Discuss 、 demonstration 、 debate ) To attract students' attention .

02

the second Relevance( relation )

The so-called connection , It means that teaching should be related to students' knowledge background 、 Personal needs are linked to life experiences . Because of the things that are directly related to you , More likely to attract attention .

Familiarity

Through the use of clear language related to the students' experience in teaching 、 Example 、 Concept 、 Values, etc , Help students integrate their new knowledge .

for example , The teacher asks the students to find examples of concepts from their own life situations , Such as the quadrilateral in the teacher .

goal orientation

Explain the teaching objectives and the value of learning contents to students with explanations or examples , Put forward learning goals to students or let students set their own learning goals .

for example , The teacher explained the learning objectives of this class , Explain how these learning contents can help students to increase their ability .

Motivation matching

Through the use of various strategies to match teaching with students' learning needs .

for example , Teachers allow students to choose composition topics according to their own interests .

Third Confidence( confidence )

That is to say, to enhance students' learning confidence through various ways , Maintain students' desire for success .

Hope for success

Let students know the homework requirements and evaluation criteria , Know what teachers expect of themselves .

for example , Teachers put forward learning requirements , Express “ I believe that the students have the ability to complete the learning task ”.

Challenge situation

Set multiple levels of achievement , Allow students to set their own learning goals and performance standards , Let every student experience success .

for example , Provide some difficult questions that students can answer , Let them feel their ability “ extraordinary ”.

The way of attribution

Provide feedback , Tell students why they are successful in learning , It is the result of your ability and effort .

for example , When the teacher explains why the students get good grades , He said it was the result of his hard work .

The fourth one Satisfaction( Satisfied )

That is to make students feel the value of learning 、 The joy of learning , Let them be satisfied in their study .

Natural results

Provide opportunities , Let students use their newly acquired knowledge or skills in a real or simulated situation . It aims to stimulate students' intrinsic learning motivation .

for example , Let students use what they have learned to calculate how to save money by cooking with electricity , Or save money by cooking with gas .

Positive results

Provide feedback on student learning outcomes , Give praise to 、 Incentives and other reinforcement means , Maintain subsequent learning motivation , Keep good learning behavior .

for example , For students who perform well in class , Give verbal praise .

fair

Evaluation of students' learning , Stick to the same standards , Let students feel the fairness of teachers' evaluation , This is a fair recognition or recognition of students , An important way to maintain learning motivation .

for example , At the final examination, the teacher will announce the criteria for the examination results to the whole class .