[beauty of software engineering - column notes] 21 | architecture design: can ordinary programmers also implement complex systems?

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Column information

1. Columnist ： The treasure jade

2. Column publishing platform ： Geek time

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primary coverage

The demand for software is increasing , And experts are scarce resources , So a problem to be solved is ： Let ordinary programmers also participate , Realize complex systems together , Instead of relying on many elites .

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One 、 Why do software projects need architecture design ？

Complex software projects , There are usually two characteristics ： Uncertain requirements and complex technology .

The complexity of Technology , Mainly reflected in four aspects .

1. Requirements complicate Technology
   If the requirements themselves are complex , Then the corresponding technology will also be very complex . For example, you build a personal blog website , And build a website like Taobao , Technical complexity is different .

2. People can complicate Technology
   Nowadays, software development is usually not a person , It's a team . The level of team members is different , I'm good at different technical directions , It is also a great test to make this group of people work together effectively , Simple technical problems will also become complex technical problems .

3. Technology itself is complex
   Now choose the programming language in the software project 、 frame 、 Technology components 、 Database and other technologies or tools , You may also need applications like microservices 、 big data 、 Artificial intelligence technology , These technologies are complex in themselves , Ordinary people need to learn to master .

4. It is complex to make software run stably
   After development , To publish a run , But the runtime is also full of various uncertainties . For example, celebrity gossip may lead to Weibo downtime ; Alibaba cloud downtime has led to the inability of many Alibaba cloud based systems to provide services .

Because of the complexity of Technology , It will make software development very complicated , Development costs are high . And architecture design can solve technically complex problems in these aspects .

• First , Architecture design can reduce the development cost of meeting requirements and changes in requirements .
• secondly , Architecture design can help organizations work together efficiently .
• Again , Architecture design can help organize various technologies .
• Last , Architecture design can ensure the stable operation of services .

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Two 、 What is architecture design ？

We can start from Goals and methods Two perspectives .

So the architecture is designed The goal is , It is to meet the development of demand and respond to the change of demand with the minimum labor cost , To ensure the operation of software with the minimum operation cost .

Architecture design , already There are many mature methods . such as ：

1. Using an architecture like microservices , Break a complex system into a series of small services , The service is then disassembled into functional modules , Let people work better ;
2. By separating the front and rear ends , Let programmers focus more on a certain knowledge field , Reduce the difficulty of development ;
3. Use layered design to isolate business logic , Reduce the impact of demand changes .

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3、 ... and 、 How to do architecture design well ？

Architecture design should be done well , It's really not an easy thing , It takes a lot of experience . But there are many mature architectural design patterns in the industry , We don't need to work behind closed doors , After understanding the business requirements , Find similar architectural designs , Then based on the mature architecture design scheme , To transform , Become an architecture that suits your business needs .

Architecture design can go through four basic steps ：

1. First step ： Analyze requirements ;
2. The second step ： Choose a similar mature architecture design scheme ;
3. The third step ： Layer by layer refinement from top to bottom ;
4. Step four ： Validate and optimize architecture design .

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Four 、 Other excerpts

• Architecture design , Through organizing people and Technology , Low cost to meet demand and changes in demand , Ensure the stable and efficient operation of the software .
• The way of architecture design , It is to organize personnel and technology to split the system and team , And arrange the arrangement relationship after segmentation , Let the split parts communicate with each other through the agreed protocol , Work together to achieve the final result .
• For example, the team takes PHP Mainly programmers , There is no need to choose rashly Java As a development language ; If the js Mainly programmers , You can consider using it Nodejs. Because of this choice , It can make the team not need too much learning cost .

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summary

Architecture design , It is to control the technically complex problems in software projects . Architecture design , By organizing people and Technology , Low cost to meet demand and changes in demand , Ensure the stable and efficient operation of the software .