为什么现在开发一款软件的时间越来越长？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们经常听到这样的问题：为什么开发软件这么贵？为什么我的团队交付软件的速度这么慢？为什么我的软件发布赶不上计划？为什么开发一个软件要花这么长时间？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们之所以一遍又一遍地听到这类问题，背后是有原因的。为了保持竞争力，企业每天都需要新的软件功能，但随着时间的流逝，我们交付软件的速度似乎停滞不前，或者更糟，变得更慢了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我想解释为什么会这样。不过，为了探讨这个话题，需要先了解一个我最关心的话题：本质复杂性和偶发复杂性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不同类型的复杂性"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"任何时候，当你在解决一个问题，不仅仅是软件问题，都有两种类型的复杂性："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":"","normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本质复杂性——这是包含在问题中的复杂性。如果不解决这种复杂性，就无法解决问题。它也被称为内在复杂性。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"偶发复杂性——这是用来解决问题的方法和工具所带来的复杂性。这种复杂性不是你要解决的问题的一部分，而是在解决方案中引入的复杂性。它也被称为偶然复杂性。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IBM 360系统之父Fred Brooks在经典论文“没有银弹：软件工程的本质性与附属性工作”中提出了这个概念。可以这么想，如果你要解决一个数学问题，本质复杂性就是指对数学的了解，因为只有懂数学才能解题。如果你想解决这个问题，要么学习所需的数学知识，要么找个懂数学的人帮忙。如果你想解决这个问题，就无法逃过学习数学这一关。"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/18\/bf\/18ac8b463e896285357ea3b729aaebbf.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"偶发复杂性"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}