[today in history] June 30: von Neumann published the first draft; The semiconductor war in the late 1990s; CBS acquires CNET

Arrangement | Wang Qilong

through 「 Today in history 」, Look at the future from the past , You can change the future from now on .

It's today 2022 year 6 month 30 Japan . as everyone knows , An important step in the development of film is color film 1930 Introduce the market around , And in the 1948 Years of today , Mei Lanfang starred in China's first color film 《 Hate of life and death 》 release . The film was invested by Wu Xingtao , He set up a company called Huayi film , The printing and dyeing system used 、 Printing and dyeing technology and tools , It was invented by Chinese Yan Heming . however , At that time, there was no technology for developing color films in China , It must be sent to the United States for washing , The original film of the film was damaged after going abroad .

Review the history of science and Technology 6 month 30 Japan , There is also a milestone in the computer industry today , That is Feng · Neumann published 《EDVAC The first draft of the report 》; Why is this draft so important ？ Let's go back to the last year of World War II , Look what happened that year .

1945 year 6 month 30 Japan ：《EDVAC The first draft of the report 》 publish

Picture source ： Wikipedia

《EDVAC The first draft of the report 》（“First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC”, Referred to as the first draft ） By Feng · Neumann wrote , First public description of computer logic design using stored program concepts , Later, as we all know “ feng · Neumann architecture ”.1945 year 6 month 30 Japan , feng · Neumann wrote this report on his way to Los Alamos, New Mexico by train , And mail the handwritten notes back to Philadelphia . The first draft is a landmark document in the development of modern computer science , It has laid the technical foundation of the global computer industry . The first draft proposed the core idea of computer design ：

• Use binary to represent data ;
• Store programs like data ;
• Five components —— Arithmetic unit 、 controller 、 Memory 、 Input module and output module .

These principles that we now take for granted , stay 1945 Years can be called epoch-making knowledge . That year , In fact, this report has caused quite a lot of controversy ,EDVAC Other members of the design team believe that , Public disclosure of this design is likely to prevent EDVAC Patent ; secondly ,EDVAC Some of the design team argued that , The concept of stored programs evolved from a conference held at the Moore School of electrical engineering at the University of Pennsylvania before von Neumann acted as a consultant , And most of the work is reflected in the first draft , Von Neumann translated the concept of brainstorming into the language of formal logic , The credit finally goes to Feng · Neumann is alone . in any case , John · feng · Neumann is 1945 This report, written in, proposed the basic functional specifications of computers , Most of these specifications are still followed . In other words , Decades of continuous innovation , Never deviate from Feng · Neumann and EDVAC The original idea of the design team .

source ： Wikipedia

1999 year 6 month 30 Japan ： National Semiconductor announced its withdrawal PC Processor market

Picture source ： Wikipedia

National Semiconductor （National Semiconductor） It used to be one of the largest semiconductor manufacturers in the world , Headquartered in Santa Clara, California . The company is 1959 year 5 month 27 By several sparry companies （Sperry Rand Corporation） The engineer who founded , Several companies have been acquired over the years , If in 1987 In, he acquired Xiantong semiconductor company and in 1997 Annual acquisition Cyrix. In the late 1980s and early 1990s , Intel has launched 80486 processor , And in X86 For the first time in the series RISC（ Reduced instruction set ） technology , An instruction can be executed in one clock cycle . With AMD and Cyrix Led by other companies like a big enemy , The semiconductor war at the end of last century began .

In the mid-1990s , Intel Corporation continues to launch comprehensive surpassing 486 New products for processors , And launch a new generation of product line Pentium（ Galloping ）; Its main competitors AMD and Cyrix They also launched K5 and 6x86 Processors against Intel , But because the Pentium processor has the best performance , Intel continues to occupy most of the market .1997 year 11 month 17 Japan , National Semiconductor and Cyrix Announce the merger of the company .Cyrix It will become an independent wholly-owned subsidiary , And national semiconductor will pursue low-end CPU Market as the target , So... Will not be supported Cyrix The high-end products being developed at that time 6x86MX Design . However ,Cyrix It was later announced that , The merger with national semiconductor will not change its development or marketing plan .

It is worth mentioning that , National Semiconductor Corporation of America was actually a partner of Intel , Acquisition Cyrix Directly led to the collapse of the alliance , Turn national semiconductor from a partner to a competitor of Intel , Lost business with Intel . Acquisition Cyrix It also brought some very troublesome contracts , For example, the sudden increase of national semiconductors depends on IBM Manufacturing of microelectronics Department Cyrix Commercial obligations of chips , This also leads to many technical limitations .97 Beginning of the year ,Pentium MMX list , Mid year Pentium II and AMD K6 list , end of the year Cyrix 6x86MX The market ,“ A situation of tripartite confrontation ” The situation in 1998 Officially formed in , The three companies were on a par this year , They make up for each other's defects and gaps .

1999 year , Intel completed the counterattack ,AMD Go downhill , However, National Semiconductor cannot afford the losses caused by fierce competition and contract restrictions , Choose Cyrix Sell out ;1999 year 6 month 30 Japan , National Semiconductor announced its withdrawal PC Processor market , And announced that it would Cyrix Sell to VIA company .2011 year 4 month 4 Japan , Texas Instruments announced 65 US $billion acquisition of national semiconductor .2011 year 9 month 23 Japan , Texas Instruments and national semiconductor officially merged , This transaction makes Ti one of the largest analog technology component manufacturers in the world .

source ： Wikipedia

2008 year 6 month 30 Japan ：CNET By CBS Interactive With 18 $100 million price acquisition

Picture source ： Wikipedia

CNET It's a media company in San Francisco , Focus on science and technology news , On 1993 Year by year Halsey Minor And Shelby Bonnie founded . In his early years, he ran TV programs , The original plan was to set up a cable TV channel . Later, the Internet became popular , The company also operates mainly online , It was listed on NASDAQ .CNET After years of development , It has many Internet companies , such as CNET、ZDNet、GameSpot.com、TV.com、MP3.com、TechRepublic etc. ,2007 The annual income in is 4.06 Billion dollars , All over the world , In particular, it has made great progress in China .

2008 year 5 month 15 Japan , CBS （CBS） announce , About 18 US $100 million acquisition CNET. Before that ,CNET The competition with the dissenting shareholders is becoming more and more fierce .CBS Express , Through this transaction , The company will be among the top ten Internet companies in the United States , The number of independent visitors per month is as high as 5400 ten thousand people , Have an appointment around the world 2 100 million users . 6 month 30 Japan , The acquisition was officially completed , The acquisition makes CBS Instantly ranked among the top ten Internet companies in the United States , Have a total of 5400 Million American users and 2 Billion global users . Before that ,CBS It has become the largest broadcast network in the United States and one of the three major television networks in the United States .

however , The development of the Internet age is too fast , And the changes of history are unpredictable .CNET The founder of Halsey Minor Invest in real estate after selling the website , Finally, it was reduced to bankruptcy ; and CBS The company in 2019 Re merge with Viacom group at the end of the year ,CBS The TV network was merged into the merged new company Viacom CBS The group .2020 year 9 month 14 Japan ,CBS take CNET And sold it to Red Ventures, It costs 500 million dollars . Today, the TV business is gradually shrinking , An optimist would say “ Paper newspapers are still alive ”, A pessimist will say “ The Internet will replace these businesses ”, What do you think of the future of television ？ Welcome to this poll , Share your insights in the comments section .

【 Welcome to contribute 】 Take history as a mirror , We can know the rise and fall . Computer science has developed so far , There are many crucial events 、 figure , Welcome all friends to build 「 Today in history 」, Send email ：[email protected] .