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子类隐藏父类的同名函数
2022-07-03 15:20:00 【宇龍_】
在C++中,子类是不能重载父类函数的,因为重载只发生在同一个类中。
所以在不考虑虚函数重写的情况下,子类中所有的同名函数(仅仅是与父类的函数名称相同),都会导致父类的同名函数被隐藏。
见代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
class CFather
{
public:
void Test()
{
Print();
}
void Print()
{
printf("CFather\n");
}
};
class CChild:public CFather
{
public:
void Test()
{
Print();
}
void Print()
{
printf("CChild\n");
}
};
int main()
{
CChild child;
child.Test();
child.Print();
system("pause");
}
在父类CFather和子类CChild中均实现了Test和Print方法,在main函数中声明了一个CChild类的对象,此时调用Test和Print方法,输出结果如下:

以上的输出结果还是很好理解的,CChild类当然调用的是自己实现的方法。
那么以下的代码呢?
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
class CFather
{
public:
void Test()
{
Print();
}
void Print()
{
printf("CFather\n");
}
};
class CChild:public CFather
{
public:
void Print()
{
printf("CChild\n");
}
};
int main()
{
CChild child;
child.Test();
child.Print();
system("pause");
}CChild类中仅仅实现了Print这个同名函数,此时调用CChild从父类继承过来的Test方法,输出结果会怎么样呢?

其实也很好理解,父类的Test方法内部调用的Print方法当然是父类自己的Print方法,因为是普通函数,不具有多态的特性。
根据以上代码,可以总结归纳几点:
1、对于父类而言,子类的所有函数均不可见。
2、对于子类而言,父类中所有的同名函数都被隐藏了。
3、在父类的其他函数中访问同名函数,访问的均为父类的同名函数。
4、在子类的其他函数中访问同名函数,访问的均为子类的同名函数。
内容可能有些重复,但无伤大雅。
PS,顺带提一下,在子类中需要访问父类的同名函数时,一般用__super关键字来访问而不建议用父类的名称,因为会给人一种调用静态方法的感觉,例子如下:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
class CFather
{
public:
void Test()
{
Print();
}
void Print()
{
printf("CFather\n");
}
};
class CChild:public CFather
{
public:
void Test()
{
Print();
}
void Print()
{
printf("CChild\n");
}
void FatherTest()
{
//CFather::Test(); //建议用__super::
__super::Test();
}
void FatherPrint()
{
//CFather::Print();
__super::Print();
}
};
int main()
{
CChild child;
child.Test();
child.Print();
child.FatherTest();
child.FatherPrint();
system("pause");
}

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