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网络安全之安全基线
2022-07-29 08:02:00 【一青一柠】
安全基线
安全基线表达了最基本需要满足的安全要求。
基线核查
是安全基线配置核查(或检查)的简称,一般指根据配置基线(不同行业及组织具有不同安全配置基线要求)要求对IT设备的安全配置进行核实检查,以发现薄弱或未满足要求的配置。
1.基线检查对象
注意在任何基线相关管理过程中,都需要优先统计出资产的数量、类型

2.基线检查维度
不论是对硬件或软件,基线核查都有通用的维度,主要包含以下方面:
- 访问控制
- 授权管理
- 入侵防范
- 日志审计
- 资源管理
(1)访问控制
例如:
- 用户权限管理
- 用户口令管理,重命名默认用户,修改默认口令
- 删除或停用不必要的账号,避免共享账号
- 用户最小权限,权限分离
- 访问控制颗粒度,进程、文件、数据库表
- 敏感信息安全标记
(2)授权管理
例如:
- 各应用系统、设备的用户管理(用户及权限评审、密码管理)
- 登录失败处理(账号锁定、超时退出)
- 远程管理链路要加密(https ssh rdp)
- 双因素验证
(3)入侵防范
例如:
- 设备和系统的最小安装原则
- 端口服务默认关闭
- 设备管理时需要设置允许管理范围
- 系统和设备的漏洞管理
- 对重要节点和设备自身的入侵检测
(4)日志审计
- 所有设备和系统是否开启安全审计
- 审计包含用户、时间、事件类型、事件成功等
- 审计记录定期备份
- 审计进程的保护
- 审计设备的时钟统一
- 应用上的用户行为审计
(5)资源管理
- 限制单用户的对资源和进程的使用
- 重要节点设备的冗余
- 重要节点的监控,CPU内存硬盘
- 重要节点的服务性能检测
- 应用闲置时,自动结束会话
- 业务系统或中间件的最大会话数限制
- 单用户的会话限制
- 进程所占用资源的限制
3.基线检查方式
人工检查
自动化系统检查
优点:工作量小,速度快
缺点:可能造成未知影响
原理:
& 在目标系统上安装代理agent ,对操作系统、应用软件适用,但对封装成型的硬件设备不适用
& 编写脚本运行,手动或自动运行,收集运行结果
& 提供目标系统账号,由专用平台扫描检测
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