Methods of software testing

One 、 The purpose of software testing

Find a flaw

Discover defects in the object under test as soon as possible , It should be one of the most frequently mentioned test objectives in the process of testing , It is also an important embodiment of the so-called test value . The purpose of defect discovery is to drive developers to locate and fix problems , Testers pass retests and regression tests , Make sure the developer has fixed the defect , It doesn't affect the original normal area , So as to improve product quality . Every stage of the development life cycle , There should be testing , And find as many defects as possible in this stage , So as to greatly improve the ability to contain defects in this stage , So as to improve the test efficiency 、 Reduce costs and improve quality .

Two 、 Two categories of software testing

1、 White box testing

White box test is to treat the test object as an open box . Use the white box test method Dynamic testing when , Need to test the internal structure and processing of software products , There is no need to test the functionality of the software product .

The coverage standard of white box test method has logic coverage 、 Cyclic coverage and basic road strength test . Among them, logical coverage includes statement coverage 、 Judge coverage 、 Conditional coverage 、 determine / Conditional coverage 、 Condition combination override and path override .

White box test is to know the internal working process of the product , It can be tested whether the internal action of the product is normal according to the specification , Test the program according to its internal structure , Check whether each path in the procedure can work correctly according to the predetermined requirements , Regardless of its function , The main method of white box testing is logic driven 、 Road test, etc , Mainly used for software verification .

2、 Black box testing

Black box test is the test of the software according to the specification of the software , This kind of test does not consider the internal operation principle of the software , So software is like a black box to users .

From the user's point of view , Through a variety of input and observation of software output results to find software defects , A software testing method that doesn't care how the program is implemented .

3、 ... and 、 White box test specific classification

（1） unit testing （unit testing）, It refers to the inspection and verification of the smallest testable unit in the software . Pile module （stud） It refers to the module called by the module under test , Driver module （driver） It refers to the superior module simulating the module under test , The driver module is used to receive test data , Start the module under test and output the result . （2） Integration testing （integration testing）, yes unit testing The next stage of , It refers to assembling the tested unit modules into a system or subsystem , Retest , Focus on testing the interface departments of different modules . Integration testing is used to check whether each unit module can work together , The normal operation . （3） The system test （system testing）, It refers to testing the entire software system as a whole , Including functions 、 performance , And the software and hardware environment in which the software runs . The main basis of system testing is 《 System requirements specification 》 file . （4） The acceptance test （acceptance testing）, It refers to the later stage of system testing , Mainly user testing , Or test with the participation of quality assurance personnel such as testers , It is also the last process that the software is officially handed over to users . Acceptance test is divided into a Testing and beta test , among a Testing means that by the user 、 Testers 、 Developers and so on to participate in internal testing , and beta The test refers to the public test after the internal test , That is, it's all for the end user to test .

Four 、 Specific classification of black box test

1) A functional test （function testing）, It's one aspect of black box testing , It checks whether the function of the actual software meets the needs of users . Including logic function test （logic function testing） Interface tests （UI testing）UI=User Interface Ease of use test （usability testing）： It refers to checking the software system from the perspective of rationality and convenience of software use , To find out where the software is not convenient for users . Compatibility test （compatibility testing）： Including hardware compatibility test and software compatibility test

2) Performance testing （performance testing） There are two kinds of software performance: time performance and space performance Time performance ： It mainly refers to the response time of a specific transaction of the software （respond time）. Space performance ： Mainly refers to the system resources consumed by the software running . Software performance testing is divided into two parts ： General performance test ： It means to let the system under test run in the normal hardware and software environment , A performance test in which no pressure is applied . Stability testing is also called reliability testing （reliability testing）： It refers to the continuous operation of the system under test to check the stability of the system . The load test （load testing）： It refers to allowing the system under test to operate continuously within the limits of the pressure it can tolerate , To test the stability of the system . Pressure test （stress testing）： It means continuously increasing pressure on the system under test , Until the system under test is crushed , It is used to test the maximum pressure that the system can bear .(Validate the system or software can allowed the biggest stress.)

3) The interface test （Interface Testing）

Interface test is a test to test the interface between system components . The interface test is mainly used to detect the interaction points between the external system and the system as well as between the internal subsystems . The focus of the test is to check the exchange of data , Transfer and control the management process , And the mutual logical dependence between systems .

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5、 ... and 、 Other test types ：

regression testing （regression testing） When testing a new version of the software , Repeat the use case from the previous version test .(When a new build or release is deployed, repeat all the test cases which has executed in the last build or release.)

Smoke testing （smoke testing）, Before a large-scale test of a new version , First, verify whether the basic functions of the software are realized , Is it measurable .(validate the major function is deployed or not in software of system when a new build or release is implement.)

Random test （random testing）, It means that all the input data in the test is randomly generated , Its purpose is to simulate the real operation of users , And find some marginal mistakes .(means or all the test data is random, to validate the some edge bugs.)

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