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MCU与MPU的区别
2022-07-07 07:29:00 【m0_59949484】
CPU(Central Processing Unit,中央处理器)发展出来三个分枝,一个是DSP(Digital Signal Processing/Processor,数字信号处理),另外两个是MCU(Micro Control Unit,微控制器单元)和MPU(Micro Processor Unit,微处理器单元)。
MCU集成了片上外围器件;MPU不带外围器件(例如存储器阵列),是高度集成的通用结构的处理器,是去除了集成外设的MCU;DSP运算能力强,擅长很多的重复数据运算,而MCU则适合不同信息源的多种数据的处理诊断和运算,侧重于控制,速度并不如DSP。MCU区别于DSP的最大特点在于它的通用性,反应在指令集和寻址模式中。DSP与MCU的结合是DSC,它终将取代这两种芯片。
不同点
| 项目 | MCU | MPU |
|---|---|---|
| 运算bit数 | 主流8~32bit, 64bit的也有 | 最低32bit,主流64bit |
| 工作频率 | 数兆到数百兆赫 | 主流是从几百兆赫到几千兆赫 |
| 架构 | 流水线系统或随机逻辑系统是主流(但有些是超级标量的) | 超级标量方式是主流 |
| 内存管理 | 可以有些外置内存,但主内存是内置的,有些内置缓存和MMC单元 | 外置内存是主流,有些内置缓存和MMC单元 |
| 命令集 | 基本算术运算,仅逻辑运算,高端版本也支持DSP和浮点运算 | 除了基本算术运算、逻辑运算之外,还包括DSP指令和浮动少数点指令 |
| 价格 | 低 | 高 |
| 例子 | ARM Cortex-M,(针对小面积/低功率控制器应用而开发的) | ARM Cortex-A,(是以面向高性能应用程序的处理器为理念开发的) |
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