Xi'an Jiaotong 21st autumn economics online homework answer sheet (III) [standard answer]

Xi'an Jiaotong 《 economics 》FAQ（ 3、 ... and ）
Chapter III public contribution
One 、 The realistic classification of public pay
According to the nature of the public pay , The public payment may be divided into government purchase and transfer payment . According to the control ability of the authorities to the public , It is possible to divide public efforts into controllable efforts and controlled efforts . Classified according to the benefit category paid by the public , It may be divided into general benefit payment and special benefit payment .
Two 、 Economic analysis of government purchases
Government purchase is a prerequisite for the realization of sales of various goods or services under the premise of modern market economy , The structure and direction of the government's purchase directly affect the structure of the fair people's economy and the balance of capital settings . Therefore, the authorities purchase the price activities of the whole market 、 economic cycle 、 Private income 、 Industrial structure 、 The development of science and technology will have a complex impact . Use these influences to achieve specific goals , It has become an important focus of mass economic policy .
3、 ... and 、 The authority's decision on the scope of the purchase
Government purchase is an important means for the government to regulate the fair economy . Therefore, the scope and structure of the purchase by the authorities are not entirely determined by the authorities themselves , In order to ensure the safe and stable development of all fair people's economies , The scope and structure of the government purchase of the public sector must consider including the government and the market 、 Public part and private part 、 External equilibrium and external equilibrium .
Four 、 The economic analysis of transfer payment
Welfare economics exaggerates that transfer payment may promote the maximization of social welfare ; However, the interventionists who started from Keynesianism exaggerated the interesting reserve supply of the high-income class by transferring payments , At the same time, the effective need to improve the low-income class , In this way, we can deal with the problems inherent in the market economy . without doubt , Transfer payments and price activities 、 economic cycle 、 Private income 、 There are complex and direct contacts between industrial structures . Through the process of conditioning transfer pay scope and structure , It may be necessary to comfort to some extent , Realize the so-called counter cyclical conditioning .　　 however , The transfer of payment will also obviously change the influence mechanism of economic encouragement in the society . Those who work less have more , Those who work hard don't get much , Those who don't have to work can get , This is a true portrayal of the social distribution after the welfare state's large-scale transfer . If the transfer of effort may lead to rest and no rest 、 Task and no task 、 The difference between reserve and non reserve is obviously narrowed , So what motivation does a member of society have to stop promoting social and economic progress and improving their own quality of life ？ A society that lacks or even does not have economic incentives , Conclude that fuchengneng is an effective society , Taking advantage of the transfer payment stopped by the public, the economic encouragement is seriously weakened , It's like killing the goose to get the egg . China to 1978 Year is the watershed , The history before and after the reform and opening up , Once fully understood the far-reaching impact of appropriate transfer payment on economic development and social life .
5、 ... and 、 In reality, the supply side causes the public to pay more
The essence of public contribution is derived from the material production of a society and the dedication ability of surplus products that the society can bear . In the real world , Public spending may increase , First of all, the development of the economy has provided a realistic possibility for the increase of the government's income . Social and economic development and solid financial resources supply , The increase in public spending is no different from “ A mirage ”.