Bloom taxonomy

1. Bloom taxonomy

Bloom taxonomy (Bloom’s taxonomy) It's Benjamin, an American educational psychologist · Bloom in 1956 Classification proposed at the University of Chicago in , Classify the teaching objectives of educators , In order to achieve various goals more effectively . According to Bloom's theory , Knowledge can be divided into the following three categories ：

• Attitude category （Affective Domain）
• Skill category （Psychomotor Domain）
• Cognitive category （Cognitive Domain）

Each category corresponds to different levels of learning , The higher level corresponds to the more complex content in the discipline , It is also far from the access to the discipline （Mastery, Taiwan translation is excellent ） The distance is also close . The ultimate goal of bloom taxonomy , Teachers should be encouraged to focus on the three areas of teaching , To complete （holistic） Education .

2. Attitude category

Attitude category describes how people react emotionally 、 And their ability to feel the pain and happiness of other creatures . Attitude goals are usually aimed at attitude 、 The awakening and growth of emotions and feelings .

The process within the scope of attitude can be divided into five levels from low to high ：

2.1 Accept （Receiving）

Acceptance is the lowest level process in the field of attitude , Students are passive and require attention . If you can't even reach this level , It can be said that there is no learning at all .

2.2 reaction （Responding）

At this level , Students don't just respond to stimuli , You can also actively participate in the learning process .

2.3 evaluation （Valuing）

Students can treat an object 、 Evaluate a phenomenon or a piece of information .

2.4 organization （Organizing）

Students put different values 、 Information and ideas are put together , And use their own schema To hold them together . Compare 、 Relate and extend what you have learned .

2.5 Internalize （Characterizing）

Students have regarded what they have learned as an instinct .

3. Skill category

The skill category describes how people are actually using a tool or instrument , For example, the ability to hammer . The purpose of the skill category is usually to focus on change and the development of behaviors and skills .

4. Cognitive category

Cognitive categories include the following six ：

4.1 memory (Remember)

Memory refers to the recall of data or information . for example ：

4.2 understand (Comprehension)

Show understanding of facts and ideas , organization , Compare , translate , explain , Provide a description , And clarify the main points translate explain Extrapolation For example, this kind of problem ： Eating apples and oranges is healthier ​​ Health benefits .

4.3 application (Application)

Use new knowledge . In the new situation , Apply what you have learned in different ways 、 The facts 、 Technology and rules solve problems . For example, this kind of problem ： Which kind of apple is the most suitable kind of baked pie , Why? ？

4.4 analysis (Analysis)

Check and analyze motivation or cause , The post decomposition information is divided into several parts . Making Inferences , And find the generalization supported by the evidence Elemental analysis Relationship analysis Analysis of organizational principles For example, this kind of problem ： List the four services related to the food made from Apple , And explain which have the best health benefits . Then provide references , To support your statement .

4.5 evaluation (Evaluation)

evaluation （ Use standards 、 Theory or process to evaluate value ）： evaluation , indicate , prove , evaluate , test , Judge , Grade , measurement , Identification of , choose , Check , Defend , determine , Support , maintain , criticism , Comment on , To measure , assessment , choice , Compare , contrast , decision , It is estimated that , Grade , ratio , modify , score , Coordinate , debate , deductive , inductive , recommend , monitoring , Come to the conclusion , distinguish , explain （ Why? ）, explain , Relationship , Summary questions , Challenge , promote , To persuade

4.6 create (Create)

Create new or original achievements : Design 、 Combine 、 Organization and structure 、 Reason or conjecture 、 Development 、 To develop 、 A literary creation 、 Investigate new knowledge or information