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Bloom taxonomy
2022-07-06 07:11:00 【Chen Shaowen's website】
1. Bloom taxonomy
Bloom taxonomy (Bloom’s taxonomy) It's Benjamin, an American educational psychologist · Bloom in 1956 Classification proposed at the University of Chicago in , Classify the teaching objectives of educators , In order to achieve various goals more effectively . According to Bloom's theory , Knowledge can be divided into the following three categories :
- Attitude category (Affective Domain)
- Skill category (Psychomotor Domain)
- Cognitive category (Cognitive Domain)
Each category corresponds to different levels of learning , The higher level corresponds to the more complex content in the discipline , It is also far from the access to the discipline (Mastery, Taiwan translation is excellent ) The distance is also close . The ultimate goal of bloom taxonomy , Teachers should be encouraged to focus on the three areas of teaching , To complete (holistic) Education .
2. Attitude category
Attitude category describes how people react emotionally 、 And their ability to feel the pain and happiness of other creatures . Attitude goals are usually aimed at attitude 、 The awakening and growth of emotions and feelings .
The process within the scope of attitude can be divided into five levels from low to high :
2.1 Accept (Receiving)
Acceptance is the lowest level process in the field of attitude , Students are passive and require attention . If you can't even reach this level , It can be said that there is no learning at all .
2.2 reaction (Responding)
At this level , Students don't just respond to stimuli , You can also actively participate in the learning process .
2.3 evaluation (Valuing)
Students can treat an object 、 Evaluate a phenomenon or a piece of information .
2.4 organization (Organizing)
Students put different values 、 Information and ideas are put together , And use their own schema To hold them together . Compare 、 Relate and extend what you have learned .
2.5 Internalize (Characterizing)
Students have regarded what they have learned as an instinct .
3. Skill category
The skill category describes how people are actually using a tool or instrument , For example, the ability to hammer . The purpose of the skill category is usually to focus on change and the development of behaviors and skills .
4. Cognitive category
Cognitive categories include the following six :
4.1 memory (Remember)
Memory refers to the recall of data or information . for example :
4.2 understand (Comprehension)
Show understanding of facts and ideas , organization , Compare , translate , explain , Provide a description , And clarify the main points translate explain Extrapolation For example, this kind of problem : Eating apples and oranges is healthier Health benefits .
4.3 application (Application)
Use new knowledge . In the new situation , Apply what you have learned in different ways 、 The facts 、 Technology and rules solve problems . For example, this kind of problem : Which kind of apple is the most suitable kind of baked pie , Why? ?
4.4 analysis (Analysis)
Check and analyze motivation or cause , The post decomposition information is divided into several parts . Making Inferences , And find the generalization supported by the evidence Elemental analysis Relationship analysis Analysis of organizational principles For example, this kind of problem : List the four services related to the food made from Apple , And explain which have the best health benefits . Then provide references , To support your statement .
4.5 evaluation (Evaluation)
evaluation ( Use standards 、 Theory or process to evaluate value ): evaluation , indicate , prove , evaluate , test , Judge , Grade , measurement , Identification of , choose , Check , Defend , determine , Support , maintain , criticism , Comment on , To measure , assessment , choice , Compare , contrast , decision , It is estimated that , Grade , ratio , modify , score , Coordinate , debate , deductive , inductive , recommend , monitoring , Come to the conclusion , distinguish , explain ( Why? ), explain , Relationship , Summary questions , Challenge , promote , To persuade
4.6 create (Create)
Create new or original achievements : Design 、 Combine 、 Organization and structure 、 Reason or conjecture 、 Development 、 To develop 、 A literary creation 、 Investigate new knowledge or information
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