Oracle控制文件丢失恢复归档模式方法

目录

一、查看控制文件路径和内容

二、模拟控制文件丢失情况：

1、未丢失全部控制文件

2、全部丢失，控制文件存在备份

通过备份文件重建控制文件

通过rman恢复控制文件

3、全部丢失，没有备份

三、建议

一、查看控制文件路径和内容SQL> show parameter control_filesNAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------control_files string /oradata/orcl/control01.ctl, / u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_a rea/orcl/control02.ctl[[email protected]:/oradata/orcl]$ ll /oradata/orcl/control01.ctl -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 Apr 15 10:01 /oradata/orcl/control01.ctl[[email protected]:/oradata/orcl]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 Apr 15 10:03 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl--确保开启归档SQL> archive log listDatabase log mode No Archive ModeAutomatic archival DisabledArchive destination /archivelogOldest online log sequence 10Current log sequence 12SQL> select distinct dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) from props$;DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(ROWID)------------------------------------ 801--控制文件内容--生成控制文件SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/home/oracle/ctlbak.ctl';Database altered.--查看trace内容[[email protected]:/home/oracle]$ cat ctlbak.ctl -- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related-- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.---- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=''-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=''---- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.dbf---- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="orcl"---- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG'-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL-- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=?/dbs/arch-- FAL_CLIENT=''-- FAL_SERVER=''---- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/archivelog'-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='OPTIONAL REOPEN=300 NODELAY'-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='ARCH NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE---- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used-- if online logs are unavailable.-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a-- need to re-create the control file.---- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case---- The following commands will create a new control file and use it-- to open the database.-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are-- available.-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL-- statement will place the database in the appropriate-- protection mode:-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCESTARTUP NOMOUNTCREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG MAXLOGFILES 16 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3 MAXDATAFILES 100 MAXINSTANCES 8 MAXLOGHISTORY 292LOGFILE GROUP 1 '/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 2 '/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 3 '/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512-- STANDBY LOGFILEDATAFILE '/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf', '/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf', '/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf', '/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf', '/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf'CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8;-- Commands to re-create incarnation table-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to-- re-create incarnation records.-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/archivelog/1_1_1069941729.dbf';-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.RECOVER DATABASE-- Database can now be opened normally.ALTER DATABASE OPEN;-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf' SIZE 30408704 REUSE AUTOEXTEND OFF;-- End of tempfile additions.---- Set #2. RESETLOGS case---- The following commands will create a new control file and use it-- to open the database.-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL-- statement will place the database in the appropriate-- protection mode:-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCESTARTUP NOMOUNTCREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG MAXLOGFILES 16 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3 MAXDATAFILES 100 MAXINSTANCES 8 MAXLOGHISTORY 292LOGFILE GROUP 1 '/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 2 '/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 3 '/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512-- STANDBY LOGFILEDATAFILE '/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf', '/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf', '/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf', '/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf', '/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf'CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8;-- Commands to re-create incarnation table-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to-- re-create incarnation records.-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/archivelog/1_1_1069941729.dbf';-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf' SIZE 30408704 REUSE AUTOEXTEND OFF;-- End of tempfile additions.--

当前数据库存在两份控制文件，分别位于数据文件路径和快速闪回区路径。

二、模拟控制文件丢失情况：1、未丢失全部控制文件

删除快闪区中的控制文件，强制关闭数据库。

[[email protected]:/oradata/orcl]$ rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl [[email protected]:/oradata/orcl]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl ls: cannot access /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl: No such file or directory--开一个新的session，此时数据库已经处于报错状态，无论什么操作都会报错，此时强制关闭数据库SQL> select open_mode from v$database;select open_mode from v$database *ERROR at line 1:ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control fileORA-00202: control file:'/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'ORA-27041: unable to open fileLinux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directoryAdditional information: 3SQL> shutdown abortORACLE instance shut down.SQL>

从数据文件路径复制一份控制文件到快闪区中，尝试再次关闭是否报错。

--复制控制文件[[email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl]$ cp /oradata/orcl/control01.ctl control02.ctl[[email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl]$ lscontrol02.ctl--开启数据库SQL> startupORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytesFixed Size 2253664 bytesVariable Size 452988064 bytesDatabase Buffers 1140850688 bytesRedo Buffers 7319552 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.2、全部丢失，控制文件存在备份

有两种方式：

1、通过备份的文件进行重建控制文件

2、通过rman恢复控制文件，需要通过resetlogs方式打开数据库

通过备份文件重建控制文件--通过备份控制文件获取创建控制文件脚本CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG MAXLOGFILES 16 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3 MAXDATAFILES 100 MAXINSTANCES 8 MAXLOGHISTORY 292LOGFILE GROUP 1 '/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 2 '/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 3 '/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512-- STANDBY LOGFILEDATAFILE '/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf', '/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf', '/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf', '/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf', '/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf'CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8;--开始恢复SQL> startup nomountORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytesFixed Size 2253664 bytesVariable Size 452988064 bytesDatabase Buffers 1140850688 bytesRedo Buffers 7319552 bytesSQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG 2 MAXLOGFILES 16 3 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3 4 MAXDATAFILES 100 5 MAXINSTANCES 8 6 MAXLOGHISTORY 292 7 LOGFILE 8 GROUP 1 '/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512, 9 GROUP 2 '/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512, 10 GROUP 3 '/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512 11 -- STANDBY LOGFILE 12 DATAFILE 13 '/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf', 14 '/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf', 15 '/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf', 16 '/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf', 17 '/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf' 18 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8;Control file created.SQL> recover database;Media recovery complete.SQL> alter database open;Database altered.SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf';Tablespace altered.SQL> select open_mode from v$database;OPEN_MODE--------------------READ WRITE

成功恢复控制文件。

通过rman恢复控制文件

rman备份控制文件

RMAN> backup current controlfile format '/home/oracle/ctrl.ora';Starting backup at 15-APR-21allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=29 device type=DISKchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup setincluding current control file in backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-APR-21channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-APR-21piece handle=/home/oracle/ctrl.ora tag=TAG20210415T104457 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished backup at 15-APR-21RMAN> list backup of controlfile;List of Backup Sets===================BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------1 Full 9.64M DISK 00:00:01 15-APR-21 BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20210415T104457 Piece Name: /home/oracle/ctrl.ora Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1219869 Ckp time: 15-APR-21

rm删除所有控制文件，尝试添加数据文件，强制关闭数据库，尝试开启到mount状态。

[[email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl]$ rm control02.ctl [[email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl]$ rm /oradata/orcl/control01.ctl [[email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl]$ lltotal 0[[email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl]$ ll /oradata/orcl/control01.ctlls: cannot access /oradata/orcl/control01.ctl: No such file or directorySQL> alter tablespace USERS add datafile;alter tablespace USERS add datafile*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00603: ORACLE server session terminated by fatal errorORA-00210: cannot open the specified control fileORA-00202: control file: '/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl'ORA-27041: unable to open fileLinux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directoryAdditional information: 3ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control fileORA-00202: control file: '/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl'ORA-27041: unable to open fileLinux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directoryAdditional information: 3Process ID: 2333Session ID: 1 Serial number: 9SQL> shutdown abort;ORACLE instance shut down.SQL> startup mountORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytesFixed Size 2253664 bytesVariable Size 452988064 bytesDatabase Buffers 1140850688 bytesRedo Buffers 7319552 bytesORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

开启数据库到nomount状态，rman恢复控制文件，恢复数据库

--开启到nomount状态SQL> startup nomountORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytesFixed Size 2253664 bytesVariable Size 452988064 bytesDatabase Buffers 1140850688 bytesRedo Buffers 7319552 bytes--rman恢复控制文件RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/ctrl.ora';Starting restore at 15-APR-21using target database control file instead of recovery catalogallocated channel: ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISKchannel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control filechannel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01output file name=/oradata/orcl/control01.ctloutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctlFinished restore at 15-APR-21--开启数据库到mount状态SQL> alter database mount;Database altered.--恢复数据库RMAN> recover database;Starting recover at 15-APR-21released channel: ORA_DISK_1Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 15-APR-21allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISKFinished implicit crosscheck backup at 15-APR-21Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 15-APR-21using channel ORA_DISK_1Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 15-APR-21searching for all files in the recovery areacataloging files...no files catalogedusing channel ORA_DISK_1RMAN-06900: WARNING: unable to generate V$RMAN_STATUS or V$RMAN_OUTPUT rowRMAN-06901: WARNING: disabling update of the V$RMAN_STATUS and V$RMAN_OUTPUT rowsORACLE error from target database: ORA-19922: there is no parent row with id 0 and level 1starting media recoveryarchived log for thread 1 with sequence 12 is already on disk as file /oradata/orcl/redo03.logarchived log file name=/oradata/orcl/redo03.log thread=1 sequence=12media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00Finished recover at 15-APR-21

通过resetlogs方式打开数据库

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;Database altered.3、全部丢失，没有备份

删除全部控制文件，并且没有备份控制文件

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;select open_mode from v$database *ERROR at line 1:ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control fileORA-00202: control file: '/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl'ORA-27041: unable to open fileLinux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directoryAdditional information: 3SQL> shutdown abortORACLE instance shut down.

手动创建控制文件

--通过spfile或者pfile文件获取信息--1.db_name[[email protected]:/home/oracle]$ grep "db_name" pfile.ora *.db_name='orcl'--2.字符集（通过dd if查看system01数据文件）dd if=system01.dbf of=lucifer bs=8192 skip=801--3.获取数据文件和日志文件名称[[email protected]:/oradata/orcl]$ lltotal 2083264-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 328343552 Apr 15 15:14 example01.dbf-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 125829632 Apr 15 15:14 redo01.log-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 125829632 Apr 15 15:14 redo02.log-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 125829632 Apr 15 15:17 redo03.log-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 545267712 Apr 15 15:14 sysaux01.dbf-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 786440192 Apr 15 15:14 system01.dbf-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 30416896 Apr 15 15:14 temp01.dbf-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 89137152 Apr 15 15:14 undotbs01.dbf-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Apr 15 15:14 users01.dbf--重建控制文件（这里不需要加临时文件，开启数据库之后需要reuse）--开启数据库到nomountSTARTUP NOMOUNT;--创建控制文件CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG MAXLOGFILES 16 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3 MAXDATAFILES 100 MAXINSTANCES 8 MAXLOGHISTORY 292LOGFILE GROUP 1 '/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 2 '/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 3 '/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512-- STANDBY LOGFILEDATAFILE '/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf', '/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf', '/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf', '/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf', '/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf'CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8;--恢复数据库RECOVER DATABASE;--执行过程SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG 2 MAXLOGFILES 16 3 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3 4 MAXDATAFILES 100 5 MAXINSTANCES 8 6 MAXLOGHISTORY 292 7 LOGFILE 8 GROUP 1 '/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512, 9 GROUP 2 '/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512, 10 GROUP 3 '/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' SIZE 120M BLOCKSIZE 512 11 -- STANDBY LOGFILE 12 DATAFILE 13 '/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf', 14 '/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf', 15 '/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf', 16 '/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf', 17 '/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf' 18 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8 19 ;Control file created.SQL> RECOVER DATABASE;Media recovery complete.

打开数据库，成功恢复控制文件

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;Database altered.--这里需要将临时文件重用SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf' REUSE;Tablespace altered.三、建议

1、创建多份控制文件，建议分别存放在多个存储的多个文件夹上，防止文件被误删或者存储损坏。

2、打开归档模式。

3、保存当前库的控制文件生成脚本（包括重要信息：dbname，字符集，文件路径）。

4、定期备份数据库文件，防止丢失，建议将备份放置到源端进行保存。

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