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Panel display technology: LCD and OLED
2022-07-07 08:54:00 【Hardware bear】
Panel display technology (FPD) There are roughly three stages :CRT( crt )、LCD Liquid crystal display 、OLED( Organic light emitting semiconductors ), The technologies that are expected to develop in the future are Mini-LED、Micro-LED.
In the past 20 For many years, the display panel industry has experienced Japan --> South Korea --> Taiwan, China --> There are four stages in Chinese Mainland , At present, Chinese Mainland has the largest production capacity , And drive IC、 Polarizer 、 Backlight module 、 Color filters 、 Liquid crystal materials are in the strategic opportunity period of domestic substitution .
Current mainstream display technologies include LCD And OLED display technique ,LCD The panel is illuminated by the backlight module , and OLED No need for backlight modules , It has self luminous characteristics .
LCD The market has now entered the stock stage , and OLED Panel demand is gradually released , and LCD comparison ,OLED The panel has faster response speed 、 A broader perspective 、 Higher color saturation , And OLED The structure is relatively simple , weight 、 Thickness comparison TFT-LCD Lighter , At the same time, it has the advantages of flexibility and low power consumption .
( The picture is quoted from 《2020 Overview of China's display panel industry in 》www.leadleo.com)
TFT LCD working principle
TFT yes “ Thin film transistor ” It means ,TFT LCD Also known as active matrix display , namely : stay TFT A glass substrate formed with transparent pixel electrodes and another with a color filter (RGB) There is a liquid crystal layer between the glass substrate and the transparent counter electrode , When an electric field in the opposite direction is applied to the liquid crystal , Liquid crystal molecules will change the arrangement angle due to torque .
( The picture is quoted from :https://hr-inoue.net/zscience/topics/liquidcrystal/liquidcrystal.html)
The deflection of liquid crystal changes the polarization direction of light , Through color filters and polarizers , Thus forming a single pixel color .
( The picture is quoted from :https://www.topwaydisplay.com/cn/blog/how-tft-lcd-works-explained)
OLED working principle
OLED yes “Quantum Dotlight Emitting Diode” Abbreviation , Quantum dot light emitting diode .OLED The simplest form is a layer of luminescent material , Embedded between two electrodes , Carrier motion at input voltage , It is released in the form of light pulses through the organic layer , Through blue LED Light source irradiates quantum dots to excite red and green light .
( The picture is quoted from :https://hr-inoue.net/zscience/topics/liquidcrystal/liquidcrystal.html)
manufacturing process
OLED Use self luminous organic materials , and LCD The backlight module is used to illuminate the rectification substrate , Therefore, the process flow will be different . But neither LCD still OLED, The panel manufacturing process can be divided into three stages :Array( array )、Cell( Box )、Module( module ).
LCD Technological process :
Array Process : Produce on glass substrate TFT Thin film transistor array , complete ITO Production of conductive glass ;
Cell Process : An empty liquid crystal cell is formed on the glass substrate , For example, liquid crystal molecules are divided according to the size required , It is formed after pasting the polarizer and loading the electrical signal to check the display LCD panel ;
Module Process : take LCD Panel and drive IC Connected with the signal base plate , Finally, assemble the backlight and protective cover to form a complete LCD module
OLED In the above process Cell Add evaporation and packaging process in the stage , The process is more difficult , At present, the evaporation equipment is used by Japan Canon Tokki The company monopolizes the high-end market , therefore OLED The construction cost of the production line far exceeds LCD The production line .
( The picture is quoted from 《2020 Overview of China's display panel industry in 》www.leadleo.com)
LCD The main application market of is TV market , and OLED Its main application market is smart phones , In the display panel industry chain , Upstream materials such as backlight module 、 Color filters 、 The polarizer has Jufei 、TOPPAN、 Shengbo optoelectronics and other manufacturers ; In the middle LCD The panel has BOE 、 Huike Co., Ltd ,OLED Youhehui photoelectric 、ROYOLE etc. ; The downstream application market is Samsung 、 hisense 、 lenovo 、 Huawei 、 Xiaomi and many other manufacturers .
( The picture is quoted from 《2020 Overview of China's display panel industry in 》www.leadleo.com)
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