Webui automated learning

selenium Basics

selenium Introduce

selenium Drive browser

• selenium -- The mainstream version is 4.1 Is in 2021 year 10 The version available for download and use in January --last 3:3.141
• selenium == 4.1 -->python 3.8/python 3.9
• Selenium The core is JS Core Realized
• FireFox Plug in form of , named Selenium Plug in form of , named SeleniumIDE There is
• In order to make it easier for more browsers to use Selenium technology , So it's updated to Selenium2 edition , That is to say Selenium + webdrive Technical system , adopt WebDrive To control the browser , adopt Selenium To operate the browser
• As time goes on Selenium3 Version of , This is also the oldest version , The core is based on Selenium + WebDrive Form to realize all automatic interactions
• 2021 year 10 month , Officially launched Selenium4 Version of , Optimized the underlying structure , Added new wiping behavior , Weapon has some less commonly used content
• Now? SeleniumIDE There are new updates , Support the recording and playback of all kinds of browser on-line scripts ,

Selenium + WebDriver

Environment building ：

• install python3.7 And above
• pip install selenium
• install WebDriver：http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html?path=100.0.4896.60/, Make sure ChromeDriver.exe It is consistent with the browser version
• decompression ChromeDriver.exe File to Python Installation path for
• If you worry about browsers and driver Versions are prone to mismatches , By using safedriver To automatically match your browser with driver edition , Installation method pip install safedriver
• pip In the process read timeout error Add domestic image source , Or set the maximum timeout --default-timeout=1000
• Verify that the environment is deployed successfully
• The test can be successful by coding the basic content

from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()

python + webdriver Realization UI automation

Basic operation

#coding:utf-8


""" selenium  Deployed applications   Jingdong search  """
import time

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
#  Create a browser , Start the browser based on the driver , Creation time , adopt session To manage browsers 
drive = webdriver.Chrome()

#  Visit Jingdong's url:get Function requires input url It must be complete ,http:// The prefix of cannot be cancelled 
drive.get('http://www.jd.com')

#  Then input the search content you want to input 
#  Find the input box , Do not use find_element_by_*
el = drive.find_element("id", 'key')

#  Enter in the input box 
el.send_keys('iphone13')

#  Find the search button , Click on 

el1 = drive.find_element("xpath", '//button[@aria-label=" Search for "]')
el1.click()

#  wait for 3s
time.sleep(10)

drive.quit()

selenium Operation principle

code -> webdriver -> chrome
Essentially, code–> start-up chrome(webdriver.chromedrive)–> Call the local browser
webdriver.chromedrive --> Intermediate agent

The data returned ： browser –>webdrivedriver->code

The source code parsing ：

#  be based on driver The bottom layer realizes Baidu search 
# coding:utf-8
import time

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver import WebDriver


#  Generate browser objects , By generated webdriver object , Start the default Google browser 
driver = WebDriver(executable_path="chromedriver")


#  Visit the website , The underlying code , adopt command Command to call get Method , And implement http://www.baidu.com Get the return value 
driver.execute('get', {
    'url': 'http://www.baidu.com'})


#  Element positioning of input box , Through the browser driver to achieve find_element Method search 
el = driver.execute('findElement', {
    
            'using': 'css selector',
            'value': '[id="kw"]'})['value']

el._execute('sendKeysToElement', {
    'text': " Shenzhou 13 ", 'value': ""})

el_1 = driver.execute('findElement', {
    
            'using': 'css selector',
            'value': '[id="su"]'})['value']

el_1._execute('clickElement')

time.sleep(10)
driver.execute('quit')

html Basics

The components are divided into three ：

• Tag name （TagName）
• attribute （Attribute）
• Text （text）
  Common labels ：a/div/span/i/tr/td/input/p/form…
  Don't believe in granulation reduction in the form of elements , It should be determined based on the attributes of the element
  Text is not something that every tag has

<input>Text</input>
<input/>
<input></input>

selenium And 8 Large element positioning method

find_element_by_id

Positioning method of relative path ：
Rule of grammar ：//[@id=“kw”], Search from the root path id attribute , And the attribute value is kw The elements of
// Look under the root path , Represents any element , filter ,[] Add filter ,@ Means to search based on attributes ,id Represents the name of the property ,kw Represents the value of the property
text() Indicates text-based positioning
//[contains(text(),'‘)] Based on contains Function for fuzzy matching of data
Find adjacent elements
//*[contains(’‘,’')]/follow-sibling::span– Find the sibling element of the current element
xpath The way you write , Remove to avoid heap path accidents , It can also avoid the failure of element positioning caused by dynamic elements
Pseudo elements （::before:::after::）
Tag name

selenium The basic operation of the window

# coding:utf-8

from selenium import webdriver

#  Form maximization , Use chrome——op
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('start-maximized')

# chrome Browser configuration , Starting is maximizing 
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

#  Form maximization , stay selenium2 There's one in the beginning bug, Calling form maximization will cause driver Timeout exception for 
# driver.maximize_window()
#  Set the size of the form 
driver.set_window_size(200, 1000)
driver.get('http://39.98.138.157/shopxo/index.php')