Pytest basic self-study series (I)

Video source ：B standing 《2022 newest pytest Interface automation test framework , Three days to master pytest, Take you to write the best code ！》

Organize the teacher's course content and test notes while studying , And share it with you , Infringement is deleted , Thank you for your support ！

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One 、pytest Unit test framework

（1） What is a unit test framework

Unit testing refers to software development , The smallest unit for software （ function , Method ） Check and test the correctness .

（2） Unit test framework

java：junit and testing

python：unittest and pytest

（3） What does the unit test framework mainly do ？

1. Tests found ： Find our test cases from multiple files

1. The test execution ： Execute in a certain order and rules , And generate results

1. Test judgment ： Judge the difference between the expected results and the actual results through assertions

1. Test report ： Statistical test progress , Time consuming , Passing rate , Generate test reports .

Two 、 What is the relationship between unit test framework and automation test framework ？

（1） What is automated testing framework

In order to complete the automatic test of the specified system , And a complete set of encapsulated code framework . It mainly encapsulates basic automation modules , Automatic management module , Automatic test statistics module .

（2） effect

1. Improve test efficiency , Reduce maintenance costs

1. Reduce human intervention , Improve the accuracy of the test , Increase code reuse

1. The core idea is to enable people who do not understand the code to realize automatic testing through this framework

（3）pytest The relationship between unit test framework and automation test framework

Unit test framework ： Just one of the components of the automated testing framework .

pom Design patterns

Data driven

Keyword Driven

Encapsulation of global configuration files

Log monitoring

selenium,requests Secondary packaging

Assertion

Report mail

more ...

3、 ... and 、pytest brief introduction

1. pytest It's a very mature python Unit framework , Than unittest More flexible , Easy to use

1. pytest You can talk to selenium,requests,appium In combination with implementation web automation , Interface automation ,app automation

1. pytest You can skip test cases and reruns Failed use case retries

1. pytest You can talk to allure Generate very beautiful test reports

1. pytest You can talk to Jenkins Continuous integration

1. pytest There are many very powerful plug-ins , And these plug-ins can realize many practical operations pytestpytest-xdist Distributed execution of test cases . many CPU distribution .pytest-ordering Used to change the execution order of test cases pytest-rerunfailure Run again after the use case fails pytest-html（ Generate html Automated test report in ）allure-pytest Used to generate beautiful test reports

pytest Installation method ：

Put the installation package name in requirements.txt in , adopt pip install -r requirements.txt Install everything

pytest
pytest-html
pytest-xdist
pytest-ordering
pytest-rerunfailures
allure-pytest

After the installation , see pytest Version information

(venv) guoliangs-MacBook-Pro-15-inch:pytest guoliang$ pytest --version
pytest 7.1.2

Four 、 Use pytest, Default test case rules and basic application

1. Module name must be test_ The beginning or _test ending

1. The test class must be Test start , And there can be no init Method

1. The test method must be test start

5、 ... and 、pytest How test cases run

1. Main function mode

（1） Run all ：pytest.main()

import pytest


class TestLogin:
    def test_01_baili(self):
        print(" Test Baili ")
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main()

Execution results ：

"/Users/guoliang/Documents/Source Code/pytest/venv/bin/python" "/Applications/PyCharm CE.app/Contents/plugins/python-ce/helpers/pycharm/_jb_pytest_runner.py" --path "/Users/guoliang/Documents/Source Code/pytest/testcase/test_login.py"
Testing started at  Afternoon 9:23 ...
Launching pytest with arguments /Users/guoliang/Documents/Source Code/pytest/testcase/test_login.py --no-header --no-summary -q in /Users/guoliang/Documents/Source Code/pytest/testcase

============================= test session starts ==============================
collecting ... collected 1 item

test_login.py::TestLogin::test_01_baili PASSED                           [100%] Test Baili 


============================== 1 passed in 0.01s ===============================

Process finished with exit code 0

（2） Specify modules ：pytest.main(['-vs', 'test_login.py'])

（3） Specify the directory ：pytest.main(['-vs', './interface_testcase'])

（4） adopt nodeid Specify the use case run ：nodeid By module name , Separator , Class name , Method name , The function name consists of .

pytest.main(['-vs', './interface_testcase/test_interface.py::test_04_func'])

pytest.main(['-vs', './interface_testcase/test_interface.py::TestInterface::test_01_zhiliao'])

1. Command line mode

（1） Run all ：pytest

(venv) guoliangs-MacBook-Pro-15-inch:pytest guoliang$ pytest
========================================================================== test session starts ===========================================================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.9, pytest-7.1.2, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: /Users/guoliang/Documents/Source Code/pytest
plugins: xdist-2.5.0, forked-1.4.0, metadata-2.0.1, allure-pytest-2.9.45, rerunfailures-10.2, html-3.1.1, ordering-0.6
collected 1 item                                                                                                                                                         

testcase/test_login.py .                                                                                                                                           [100%]

=========================================================================== 1 passed in 0.02s ============================================================================
(venv) guoliangs-MacBook-Pro-15-inch:pytest guoliang$ 

（2） Specify modules ：pytest -vs ./testcase/test_login.py

（3） Specify the directory ：pytest -vs ./interface_testcase

（4） adopt nodeid Specify the use case run ：

pytest -vs ./interface_testcase/test_interface.py::test_04_func

pytest -vs ./interface_testcase/test_interface.py::TestInterface::test_01_zhiliao

Parameters, ：

-s： Indicates that the output debugging is new , Include print Printed information

-v： Show more details

-vs： Two parameters are used together

-n： Support multithreading or distributed running of test cases

• Such as ：pytest.main(['-vs', './testcase', '-n=4'])、pytest -vs ./testcase/test_login.py -n 2

--reruns： Failed use case rerun

• Such as ：pytest.main(['-vs', './testcase', '--reruns=2'])、pytest -vs ./testcase/test_login.py --reruns 2

-x： It means that as long as there is an error in one use case , Then the test stops

• Such as ：pytest.main(['-vs', './testcase', '-x'])、pytest -vs ./testcase/test_login.py -x

--maxfail： Stop when the specified number of use cases fails

• Such as ：pytest.main(['-vs', './testcase', '--maxfail=2'])、pytest -vs ./testcase/test_login.py --maxfail 2

-k： Specify the test case according to the partial string of the test case .

• Such as ：pytest.main(['-vs', './testcase', '-k=ao'])、pytest -vs ./testcase/test_login.py -k "ao"

--html： Generate html The test report of

• Such as ：addopts = -vs --html ./report/report.html

1. By reading the pytest.ini Profile run

pytest.ini This file is pytest The core configuration file of the unit test framework .

1） Location ： It is usually placed in the root directory of the project

2） Coding format ： Must be ANSI, have access to notepad++ Modify encoding format

3） effect ： change pytest The default behavior

4） Rules of operation ： Whether it's running in the mode of the main function , Still run in command line mode , Will read this configuration file

[pytest]
addopts = -vs #  Command line arguments , Separate... With spaces 
testpaths = ./testcase #  Path of test case 
python_files = test_*.py #  Rules for module names 
python_classes = Test* #  Rules for class names 
python_functions = test #  Rules for method names 

6、 ... and 、pytest What is the order of executing test cases ？

unittest：ascii To determine the order of execution

pytest： Default from top to bottom

Change the default execution order ： Use mark Mark ,@pytest.mark.run(order=1)

7、 ... and 、 How to execute in groups （ smoking , Execute in modules , Sub interface and web perform ）

smoke： Smoke use case , Distributed in each module pytest -vs -m "smoke or usermanage"

pytest -m "smoke"

pytest -m "smoke or usermanage"

8、 ... and 、pytest Skip test cases

1. Unconditional

@pytest.mark.skip(reason=' Skip use cases ')

1. Conditional

@pytest.mark.skipif(age >= 18, reason=' Conditional skipping ')