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数据传输中的成帧
2022-07-02 03:02:00 【嗒曦】
发送器提供一种方法以告诉接收器数据块开始和结束的位置:
使用帧的优点是数据被分成可恢复的区块并且可以很容易地检查这些区块是否被破坏。传输过程中的故障会破坏某些帧。只有丢失的帧而不是整组数据需要重新传输。“错误检测和纠正”中论述了错误的检测和纠正。
帧是一系列标准化的数据位,是网络通信的基本单元。它的一般格式为一个标题和一个数据有效荷载区。尽管数据区是可变的,帧的大小则通常是固定的。大多数数据链路网络使用大小可变的帧,这种帧有优点(更有效地使用网络)也有缺点(不可预测的信息流以及不能提供高质量的服务)。
以太网帧(IEEE 802.3)是OSI参考模型数据链路层的封装,网络层的数据包被加上帧头和帧尾,构成可由数据链路层识别的数据帧。如图F-16所示,可以容纳多达l500Byte的数据。帧包括标题、尾字节以及封装的数据。标题中的信息是必须传输的额外数据,从而增加了开销。
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