Postman (1) -- function introduction

One 、 Introduce

postman Provide powerful Web API & HTTP Request debugging , It can be used for interface testing .Postman It is divided into native app  and chorme plug-in unit 2 Kind of ,chorme Plug ins are no longer maintained , The article uses native app. Download address ：https://www.postman.com/postman/

Two 、 Send a request

1. Send a GET request

The weather api The address of ：https://tianqiapi.com/api

 

2. Send a POST request

Get Netease News api The address of ：https://api.apiopen.top/getWangYiNews

 

3、 ... and 、Cookie operation

If it's a page you can see only after you log in , You need to add cookie, Otherwise, you can't stay logged in . Optional on the requested headers Add cookie Or in cookie Manage page add cookie. Or make a login request first ,Postman Will automatically record Cookie, If you ask for the page again, you will succeed . Take the background home page for example ：

 

Four 、 Variable

In the process of interface testing, parameters that have been set or changed parameters returned from other interfaces are often used ,Postman Provides a mechanism for variables to be used in this scenario .Postman Variables are divided into environment variables and global variables , In the interface test, you can choose a set of environment variables to use , Global variables are available to all interfaces . Use variables in the form of {{ Variable name }} Call variables

 

 

 

Return results

 

5、 ... and 、 Test sandbox

Postman Test sandbox is to use JS The script implements part of the test operation before and after sending the request , Common operations ：

• Pre-request script （Pre-request-Script)： Set request pre operation, such as setting variables .
• Assertion （Tests）： Response code after request 、 Response head 、 Assertion operation in response to the subject information .
• Output information to console , Debugging information .

1. Pre test scripts , Take the weather interface as an example

After executing the interface request

 

 

 

2. Assertion

 

3. Common assertions Response body : JSON value check

 

6、 ... and 、 Test set

Postman Through the test set （collection） To easily manage interface requests . Think of each interface request as a use case ,collection Manage multiple use cases at once and execute them together . adopt Save Save the interface request to the test set .

 

Execution results

 

7、 ... and 、 Data driven

It is not possible to test only one set of data , An interface needs to test multiple sets of data , You need to use data-driven . Data driven support .csv and json Format , With .csv Format as an example , You can start with Excel Write in , And save it as .csv Format , But the encoding format is not correct , It can be used notepad++ open , Turn into utf-8 code

Data driven data

  Take the weather interface as an example , Variable and assertion settings

 

 

  Execute interface test set settings

 

8、 ... and 、Newman

postman Use Newman The plug-in completes the command line execution script ,newman Official documents of https://www.npmjs.com/package/newman

1. install Newman

install Newman You need to install nodejs, On the official website http://nodejs.cn/download/ Download the file , Then click Run install , After installation , Enter at the command line node -v and npm -v Check whether the environment is successfully built , Otherwise, manually add environment variables

Then install Newman：npm install newman -g

 

2. Export test set file

 

 

 

3. Execute the script

 

4. Common parameters

nenman Some operations can be done with parameters , Please refer to newman Official documents of https://www.npmjs.com/package/newman perhaps newman run --help

newman  Common parameters of ：

• -e, --environment： Use environment variable files or url. First, the environment variables are exported through the export function in the environment variables , Then execute the script

• -g, --global ： Use global variable files or url
• -d,  --iteration-data ： Using data driven files

•  -n： Specifies the number of test set cycles iterations

•  -r,  --reporter：newman Provide 3 Report form （cli,json,html）,cli Default format , Display results directly on the command line

 

5. Timing execution newman Script

Create a batch file （.bat), It can be executed by double clicking

utilize windows Timed tasks, timed scripts , You can also do it in jenkins Integration tasks in .

Right click the computer icon on the desktop -- Selective management -- Select task scheduler -- Select Create Task , Create a scheduled task , Then it's time to automate the task

 

 

Nine 、Postman Grab the bag

 

Ten 、Postman Automatically generate request scripts