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自动化运维工具Ansible（7）roles
2022-08-04 05:26:00 【AHui_CSDN】
Ansible Roles基本概述
roles不管是Ansible还是saltstack，我在写一键部署的时候，都不可能把所有的步骤全部写入到一个’剧本’文件当中，我们肯定需要把不同的工作模块，拆分开来，解耦，那么说到解耦，我们就需要用到roles官方推荐，因为roles的目录结构层次更加清晰。
例如：我们之前推荐大家写一个base.yml里面写所有基础优化的项目，其实把所有东西摞进去也是很鸡肋的，不如我们把这些功能全部拆分开，谁需要使用，就调用即可。
建议：每个roles最好只使用一个tasks这样方便我们去调用，能够很好的做到解耦。（SOA）
Ansible Roles目录结构
1.官方推荐最佳实践目录结构定义方式
production # inventory file for production servers
staging # inventory file for staging environment
group_vars/
group1.yml # here we assign variables to particular groups
group2.yml
host_vars/
hostname1.yml # here we assign variables to particular systems
hostname2.yml
library/ # if any custom modules, put them here (optional)
module_utils/ # if any custom module_utils to support modules, put them here (optional)
filter_plugins/ # if any custom filter plugins, put them here (optional)
site.yml # master playbook
webservers.yml # playbook for webserver tier
dbservers.yml # playbook for dbserver tier
roles/
common/ # this hierarchy represents a "role"
tasks/ #
main.yml # <-- tasks file can include smaller files if warranted
handlers/ #
main.yml # <-- handlers file
templates/ # <-- files for use with the template resource
ntp.conf.j2 # <------- templates end in .j2
files/ #
bar.txt # <-- files for use with the copy resource
foo.sh # <-- script files for use with the script resource
vars/ #
main.yml # <-- variables associated with this role
defaults/ #
main.yml # <-- default lower priority variables for this role
meta/ #
main.yml # <-- role dependencies
library/ # roles can also include custom modules
module_utils/ # roles can also include custom module_utils
lookup_plugins/ # or other types of plugins, like lookup in this case
webtier/ # same kind of structure as "common" was above, done for the webtier role
monitoring/ # ""
fooapp/ # ""
2.roles目录结构使用galaxy创建
[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[[email protected] roles]# tree wordpress/
nfs/ #项目名称
├── defaults #低优先级变量
├── files #存放文件
├── handlers #触发器文件
├── meta #依赖关系文件
├── tasks #工作任务文件
├── templates #jinja2模板文件
├── tests #测试文件
└── vars #变量文件
Ansible Roles依赖关系
roles允许你再使用roles时自动引入其他的roles。role依赖关系存储在roles目录中meta/main.yml文件中。
例如：推送wordpress并解压，前提条件，必须要安装nginx和php，把服务跑起来，才能运行wordpress的页面，此时我们就可以在wordpress的roles中定义依赖nginx和php的roles
[[email protected] roles]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/wordpress/meta/main.yml
dependencies:
- { role: nginx }
- { role: php }
-
如果编写了meta目录下的main.yml文件，那么Ansible会自动先执行meta目录中main.yml文件中的dependencies文件，如上所示，就会先执行nginx和php的安装。
Ansible Roles最佳实践
roles小技巧
1.创建roles目录结构，手动使用ansible-galaxy init test role
2.编写roles功能
3.在playbook中引用
自动ssh免密
ansible all -m authorized_key -a "user=root exclusive=true manage_dir=true key='$(< /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub)'" -k
使用roles重构rsync
1.规划目录结构如下
[[email protected] rsync]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[[email protected] roles]# ll
总用量 0
[[email protected] roles]# ansible-galaxy init rsync
- rsync was created successfully
[[email protected] roles]# tree
.
└── rsync
├── defaults
│ └── main.yml
├── files
├── handlers
│ └── main.yml
├── meta
│ └── main.yml
├── README.md
├── tasks
│ └── main.yml
├── templates
├── tests
│ ├── inventory
│ └── test.yml
└── vars
└── main.yml
2.定义roles主机清单
[[email protected] roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/hosts
[backup]
172.16.1.41
3.指定backup主机组，执行那个roles
[[email protected] roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/site.yml
- hosts: backup
remote_user: root
roles:
- rsync
4.查看rsync角色的tasks任务
[[email protected] roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/rsync/tasks/main.yml
- name: Install Rsync Server
yum: name=rsync state=present
- name: Configure Rsync Server
copy:
src: {
{
item.src }}
dest: /etc/{
{
item.dest }}
mode: {
{
item.mode }}
with_items:
- {
src: "rsyncd.conf", dest: "rsyncd.conf", mode: "0644"}
- {
src: "rsync.passwd", dest: "rsync.passwd", mode: "0600"}
notify: Restart Rsync Server
- name: Start Rsync Server
systemd:
name: rsyncd
state: started
enabled: yes
5.查看rsync角色的handlers
[[email protected] roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/rsync/handlers/main.yml
- name: Restart Rsync Server
service:
name: rsyncd
state: restarted
6.查看rsync角色的files目录
[[email protected] roles]# ll /etc/ansible/roles/rsync/files/
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 322 Nov 16 18:49 rsyncd.conf
-rw------- 1 root root 20 Nov 16 18:30 rsync.passwd
7.执行roles，使用-t指定执行测试rsync角色
[[email protected] roles]# ansible-playbook -i hosts -t rsync site.yml
PLAY [backup] ********************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]
TASK [backup : Install Rsync Server] ***********************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]
TASK [backup : Configure Rsync Server] *********************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]
TASK [backup : Start Rsync Server] *************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************
172.16.1.41 : ok=5 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
使用roles重构nfs
1.使用roles创建Nfs服务, 目录结构如下
[[email protected] roles]# tree /etc/ansible/roles
├── group_vars
│ └── all
├── hosts
├── nfs
│ ├── files
│ ├── handlers
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── tasks
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── templates
│ │ └── exports
│ └── vars
├── site.yml
2.定义roles主机清单
[[email protected] roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/hosts
[nfs]
172.16.1.31
3.指定nfs主机组，执行那个roles
[[email protected] roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/site.yml
- hosts: nfs
remote_user: root
roles:
- nfs
tags: nfs
4.查看nfs角色的tasks任务
[[email protected] roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/nfs/tasks/main.yml
- name: Install Nfs-Server
yum:
name:nfs-utils
state: present
- name: Configure Nfs-Server
template:
src: exports
dest: /etc/exports
notify: Restart Nfs-Server
- name: Create Directory Data
file:
path: {
{
share_dir }}
state: directory
owner: www
group: www
mode: 0755
- name: Start Nfs-Server
systemd:
name: nfs
state: started
enabled: yes
5.查看nfs角色的handlers
[[email protected] roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/nfs/handlers/main.yml
- name: Restart Nfs-Server
systemd:
name: nfs
state: restarted
6.查看rsync角色的files目录
[[email protected] roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/nfs/templates/exports
{
{
share_dir }} {
{
share_ip }}(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)
7.nfs对应的变量定义
[[email protected] roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/group_vars/all
#nfs
share_dir: /data
share_ip: 172.16.1.31
8.执行roles，使用-t指定执行nfs标签
[[email protected] roles]# ansible-playbook -i hosts -t nfs site.yml
PLAY [nfs] ********************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
TASK [nfs : Install Nfs-Server] ***********************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
TASK [nfs : Configure Nfs-Server] *********************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
TASK [nfs : Create Directory Data] ********************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
TASK [nfs : Start Nfs-Server] *************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************
172.16.1.31 : ok=5 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
ansible Galaxy
Galaxy是一个免费网站，类似于github网站，网站上基本都是共享roles，从Galaxy下载roles是最快启动项目方式之一。
Galaxy官方网站:TP
ansible提供了一个命令ansible-galaxy，可以用来对roles项目进行初始化，查找，安装，移除等操作
[[email protected] roles]# ansible-galaxy --help
Usage: ansible-galaxy [delete|import|info|init|install|list|login|remove|search|setup] [--help] [options] ...
Perform various Role related operations.
Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-c, --ignore-certs Ignore SSL certificate validation errors.
-s API_SERVER, --server=API_SERVER
The API server destination
-v, --verbose verbose mode (-vvv for more, -vvvv to enable
connection debugging)
--version show program's version number, config file location, configured module search path, module location, executable location and exit See 'ansible-galaxy <command> --help' for more information on a specific
command.
使用galaxy搜索项目
[[email protected] roles]# ansible-galaxy search openvpn
Found 103 roles matching your search:
Name Description
---- -----------
AdrienKuhn.fail2ban Configure fail2ban jails
AdrienKuhn.ufw Configure firewall with UFW
alexiscangelosi.openvpn Ansible role openvpn
andrelohmann.easy_rsa ansible galaxy role to deploy easy-rsa
andrelohmann.openvpn ansible galaxy role to deploy an openvpn server
antoniobarbaro.openvpn-client Install openvpn client, configure and start service
arillso.openvpn Configurate your OpenVPN Client
asm0dey.ansible_role_openvpn OpenVPN playbook for CentOS/Fedora/RHEL/RHEL clones & Ubuntu/Debian
barbudone.pritunl_server Pritunl for EL Linux.
blaet.openvpn OpenVPN playbook for CentOS/Fedora/RHEL/RHEL clones & Ubuntu/Debian
bmcclure.pia Manages Private Internet Access VPN utilizing the AUR and openvpn on Archlinux
borkenpipe.ansible_openvpn OpenVPN with PKI for Ubuntu/Debian
borkenpipe.openvpn Install OpenVPN for us with AWS bastions.
borkenpipe.stouts_openvpn Manage OpenVPN server
cinject.openvpn Openvpn role
clvx.easy-rsa Role to generate an openvpn pki.
clvx.openvpn Role to deploy server and openvpn clients.
cornfeedhobo.openvpn Install and manage OpenVPN
d3atiq.openvpn_client A role for automatic managed connection to OpenVPN VPN.
danrabinowitz.openvpn_for_access This role provisions an OpenVPN server. This server is NOT designed for routing all traffic from the client. It is for granting access to the server, so that ssh (for example) can be allowed ONLY
dresden-weekly.openvpn collection of Ansible roles to run OpenVPN.
edeckers.openvpn-ldap Installs an OpenLDAP backed OpenVPN-server
egeneralov.openvpn Provision openvpn servers
ehime.openvpn OpenVPN playbook for CentOS/Fedora/RHEL/RHEL clones & Ubuntu/Debian
escapace.ansible_openvpn openvpn role
gavika.easy_rsa Install and configure EasyRSA
gavika.openvpn Role to install and configure OpenVPN server and generate client configurations
gregorydulin.ansible_role_openvpn OpenVPN playbook for CentOS/Fedora/RHEL/RHEL clones & Ubuntu/Debian
grycap.openvpn Install OpenVPN to create hybrid clusters with EC3
iamsudipt.openvpn OpenVpn ansible role for creating a secure tunnel to your private infra.
icasimpan.ansible_role_openvpn OpenVPN playbook for CentOS/Fedora/RHEL/RHEL clones & Ubuntu/Debian
ieguiguren.nordvpn downloads NordVPN servers' list and set it up
indigo-dc.openvpn Install OpenVPN to create hybrid clusters with EC3
indix.openvpn-ops This repo can be used to create a openvpn server.
iroquoisorg.openvpn manage openvpn server
iroquoisorg.openvpn_client install openvpn client
jtyr.openvpn Role which helps to install and configure OpenVPN server.
juju4.openvpnclient setup openvpn as client
kbrebanov.openvpn Installs and configures OpenVPN
kbrebanov.openvpn_as Installs and configures OpenVPN Access Server
kharkevich.pritunl Deploy pritunl: Enterprise Distributed OpenVPN and IPsec Server.
kostyrevaa.openvpn Installs and configures openvpn client
kyl191.openvpn OpenVPN playbook for CentOS/Fedora/RHEL/RHEL clones & Ubuntu/Debian
leafnode.openvpn_client install openvpn client
linuxhq.iproute RHEL/CentOS - Advanced IP routing and network device configuration tools
linuxhq.openvpn_client RHEL/CentOS - The Open Source VPN (client)
2.查看详细信息
[[email protected] roles]# ansible-galaxy info kostyrevaa.openvpn
Role: kostyrevaa.openvpn
description: Installs and configures openvpn client
active: True
commit:
commit_message:
commit_url:
company:
created: 2015-08-17T18:13:15.551754Z
download_count: 20
forks_count: 0
github_branch: master
github_repo: ansible-openvpn
github_user: kostyrev
id: 4798
imported: None
is_valid: True
issue_tracker_url: https://github.com/kostyrevaa/ansible-openvpn/issues
license: license (GPLv3)
min_ansible_version: 1.2
modified: 2018-04-13T06:31:20.195475Z
open_issues_count: 0
path: (u'/root/.ansible/roles', u'/usr/share/ansible/roles', u'/etc/ansible/roles')
role_type: ANS
stargazers_count: 0
travis_status_url:
3.安装项目
[[email protected] roles]# ansible-galaxy install kyl191.openvpn
- downloading role 'openvpn', owned by kyl191
4.架构重构
[[email protected] roles]# cat site.yml
- hosts: all
roles:
- role: basic
- role: web_server
when: ansible_hostname is match "web"
- role: php_server
when: ansible_hostname is match "web"
- role: lb_server
when: ansible_hostname is match "lb"
- role: mysql_server
when: ansible_hostname is match "db"
- role: php_server
when: ansible_hostname is match "web"
- role: wordpress
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