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Key points of data link layer and network layer protocol
2022-07-08 02:03:00 【Westbrook chimpanzee】
Catalog
Network layer and IP agreement
The network layer provides datagram Services
Address resolution protocol ARP
IP Layer forwarding packet flow
Forwarding packets when using subnets
Data link layer
Point to point protocol PPP
Network layer and IP agreement
The network layer provides datagram Services
A Class address :1.0.0.0-127.0.0.0
B Class address :128.0.0.0-191.255.255.255
C Class address :192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255
D Class address :224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255
E Class address :240.0.0.0-255.255.255.254
0.0.0.0 All zero address is : Current host255.255.255.255 whole 1 The address is : The broadcast address of the current subnet
Address resolution protocol ARP
IP Layer forwarding packet flow
Divide subnets
Subnetting adds flexibility , But it reduces the total number of hosts that can connect to the network .
Calculate the number of hosts in the subnet through the subnet mask 、 Number of subnets 、 Total number of hosts
Prophet condition : The subnet mask is also a 32 Digit number , Its corresponding IP All the bits in the network identification part of the address are "1", Corresponding IP The part of the address host ID is "0".
eg: Subnet mask :255.255.224.0
——— Binary representation :11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000
share 13 individual "0"
The number of hosts in the subnet :2^13 - 2 = 8190
subtract 2 The reason is that : All zero address is : Current host
whole 1 The address is : The broadcast address of the current subnetNumber of subnets :
Abandon 8 individual "0", more than 5 individual "0"(B Class address , So we need to give up 8 individual "0")
256 / (2^5) = 8 perhaps B Class address removes the network flag 16 individual "1", Remnant 3 individual "1",2^3 = 8
Total number of hosts :( The number of hosts in the subnet * Number of subnets ) 8190 * 8 = 65024
eg1: It is known that IP The address is 141.14.72.24, The subnet mask is 255.255.192.0, Try to find the network address .
eg2: In the above example , If the subnet mask is changed to 255.255.224.0, Try to find the network address , The results of the discussion .
Different masks have different effects , The top two B Class address gets the same network address due to different subnet masks , But the maximum number of hosts in the subnet is different .
Be careful : Any number and 255& The latter is itself , because 255 It's all. 1
Forwarding packets when using subnets
Private address :
Private address (private address) It's also called a private address , They will not be used around the world , Local significance only ( In LAN ).A Class private address :10.0.0.0/8, The scope is :10.0.0.0~10.255.255.255B Class private address :172.16.0.0/12, The scope is :172.16.0.0~172.31.255.255C Class private address :192.168.0.0/16, The scope is :192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255contrast :A Class address :1.0.0.0-127.0.0.0B Class address :128.0.0.0-191.255.255.255C Class address :192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255D Class address :224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255E Class address :240.0.0.0-255.255.255.254
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