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Data communication foundation - route republication
2022-07-05 15:36:00 【GALi_ two hundred and thirty-three】
Route republication
In some networks , There may be many routing protocols , Each routing protocol has different understanding and processing of routing information , So initially , Routing information is isolated between different routing protocols .
Route republication (Route redistribution) Also known as route Introduction (Route importation), It refers to the operation of publishing routing information from one routing protocol to another .
Deploy route republishing in the network , The routing information can be transferred between various routing protocols , Thus, the data of the whole network can be interconnected .
RIP And OSPF There are two different routing protocols , The routing information of each other will not operate mutually by default , therefore R1 Can't learn OSPF Within the domain 192.168.3.0/24 And 192.168.4.0/24 route , Empathy R3 Can't learn RIP Within the domain 192.168.1.0/24 And 192.168.2.0/24 route .
Relevant points :
Route republishing , It is completed on the border device of the routing domain , Introduce routing information from one routing protocol to another .
Transfer the routing information from the routing protocol A Introduced into the routing protocol B, It is in the routing protocol B Complete relevant configurations in the configuration view of .
Route republication is directional , Transfer the routing information from the routing protocol A Introduced into the routing protocol B, Then the routing protocol B Can be informed A Routing information in , But at this time ,A I don't know yet B Routing information in the routing protocol , Unless you configure B-to-A Route republication for .
Only routes that exist in the routing table can be successfully republished .
matters needing attention :
Routing priority
Beware of route recharge
Control of routing metrics
Control of route convergence time ( Different routing protocols have different convergence speeds )
Routing priority
R2 take R1 Notified 1.1.1.1/32 Republish to ospf domain , Give Way ospf All routers in the domain learn . in the meantime ,R3 It will be caused by the problem of routing priority Suboptimal path .
OSPF The routing priority of is better than IBGP
R3 Generate suboptimal paths , Go to 1.1.1.1/32 Data flow R4->R2->R1 This path .
If R3 Deployed two-way route republishing , It will lead to routing 1.1.1.1/32 Backflow recirculation BGP
Routing protocol or routing type | The priority of the corresponding route |
---|---|
DIRECT | 0 |
OSPF | 10 |
IS-IS | 15 |
STATIC | 60 |
RIP | 100 |
OSPF ASE | 150 |
OSPF NSSA | 150 |
IBGP | 255 |
EBGP | 255 |
One way is , stay R3 Modify the routing priority on , in the light of 1.1.1.1/32 The routing , take IBGP The priority of routing is adjusted better .
Another alternative is , stay R2 on BGP To OSPF When the route of is republished , Publish into OSPF The corresponding routing settings tag value , Later on R3 For this tag Value to further deploy route filtering 、 Adjust priorities 、 Route strategy based on republication, etc .
measurements
OSPF The routing metric of is based on the path cost , It is related to the bandwidth of the interface ;
RIP The routing metric of is based on hops ;
Different routing protocols have different definitions and understandings of routing metrics , When deploying route republishing between routing protocols , How to define the metrics of the introduced route ? How many ?
Method 1 , You can perform the action of republishing , Manually formulate the republished cost value .
Method 2 , Take the default action , That is, the seed metric used when republishing between routing protocols . The so-called seed measure , It refers to when a route is republished from an external routing protocol to this routing protocol , The default used cost value .
Basic configuration
RIP And OSPF Introduce each other
[R2] ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1] import-route ?
bgp Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routes
direct Connected routes
isis Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) routes
limit Limit the number of routes imported into OSPF
ospf Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routes
rip Routing Information Protocol (RIP) routes
static Static routes
unr User Network Routes
[R2] rip
[R2-rip-1] import-route ospf 1 [cost x]
# If you don't specify cost, Then the route is republished into RIP after cost=1
[R2] ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1] import-route rip
# If you don't specify cost, Then the route is republished into OSPF after cost=1,type by E2, Can relate to cost And type Keyword modification cost And external routing metric-type.
Introduce direct routing to OSPF
[R3] ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1] import-route direct
# If you don't specify cost, Then the route is republished into OSPF after cost=1,type by E2, Can relate to cost And type Keyword modification cost And external routing metric-type.
# Use direct keyword , Then all active local direct routes will be injected into OSPF.
Introduce static routing to OSPF
[R2] ip route-static 11.11.11.0 24 192.168.12.1
[R2] ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1] import-route static
# If you don't specify cost, Then the route is republished into OSPF after cost=1,type by E2, Can keep up with cost And type Keyword modification cost And external routing metric-type.
# Use static keyword , All active static routes in the routing table will be injected into OSPF.
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