Three categories of financial assets under the new standards: AMC, fvoci and FVTPL

【 One 】、 Four categories to three categories

Before the new code , The original financial assets are classified as ：

1. Financial assets measured at fair value with changes included in current profits and losses （financial asset measured at fair value through profit & loss, FVTPL）;
2. Held to maturity investments （held-to-maturity investment）;
3. Loans and receivables （loan and account receivable）;
4. Financial assets available for sale （available-for-sale financial asset）

The classification of financial assets under the new standards is ：

1. Financial assets measured at fair value with changes included in current profits and losses （financial asset measured at fair value through profit & loss, FVTPL）;
2. Financial assets measured at fair value with changes included in other comprehensive income （financial asset over comprehensive income,FVOCI）;
3. Financial assets measured at amortized cost （financial assets measured at amortized cost, AMC）

【 Two 】、 Understanding of the three categories

Under the new standards, the financial assets measured at fair value and whose changes are included in the current profits and losses already exist under the original standards , The financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income under the new standards are similar to but not completely equivalent to the available for sale financial assets under the original standards , The financial assets measured at amortized cost under the new standards are similar to but not completely equivalent to the held to maturity investments under the original standards .
The three categories of financial assets under the new standards refer to the business model of financial assets and the characteristics of contractual cash flow , Divide financial assets into AMC、FVOCI and FVTPL Three types of .

One 、AMC

I understand that ge you is lying , Wait for the money .

According to this guideline , When both conditions are satisfied , It can be recognized as a financial asset in amortized cost .

1. Aim to collect contract cash flow ;
2. The cash flow generated on a particular date is only based on the payment of principal and interest on the unpaid principal .

The first is motivation . You buy bonds at a fixed interest rate , Repayment of principal and interest when due . You don't want to worry about it or take high risks . You just want ge you to lie down and make money , And hold it until the end of the world .
second , Condition level . The purpose of investing in such assets is to protect capital in the first place . At least I won't lose money . The principal must be recovered , Then there is interest income . In case of fixed interest rate , Of course, the higher the better ; If it's floating , It should be linked to the most authoritative interest rate , That is, the loan interest rate of the bank in the same period , This is in line with the basic loan arrangement . It should not be associated with other chaotic things , Such as corporate profits and gold prices . Let me lie down quietly to make money , Highlight a stable word .

Two 、FVOCI

FVOCI It is also one of the three categories of financial assets under the new standards , It stipulates that the business model for enterprises to manage financial assets aims at collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets .
All the people . Under normal circumstances , I am lying in ge you , But although my eyes narrowed , Ears are very sensitive , And I always pay attention to the price of assets . If it suddenly rises , I will sell it . So why should such assets divide the profit and loss of changes in fair value into other comprehensive income ？
Because you bought this asset , You have signed a contract , A contractual clause specifying the principal and interest based on the unpaid principal amount , So logically , You initially bought this asset just to collect the cash flow from the contract . Only when such assets rise and become profitable , You will jump out of the sofa , To sell for cash . under these circumstances , I don't think your behavior of selling financial assets for cash out is your main motivation to buy assets . Changes in fair value are not allowed to be included in the current income statement , But it should be included in the owner's equity .

3、 ... and 、FVTPL

Except for financial assets measured at amortized cost and financial assets measured at fair value with changes included in other comprehensive income , An enterprise shall classify it as a financial asset measured at fair value through profit or loss .
At this time , You are not ge you , You are a young man with courage and ideas . The purpose of purchasing financial assets is not to collect contractual cash flow , Protect capital and charge meager interest . You have your own ideas , You are optimistic about the future appreciation of some assets , Optimistic that a company's stock will rise , You dare to kill it for profit , But you are not afraid to lose your wife and lose your soldiers .