Advanced skills of testers: a guide to the application of unit test reports

Why unit testing is needed

From a product perspective , Routine function test 、 System tests are conducted based on the local or global functions of the product , It can be well combined with the needs of users , But there is a lack of product development details （ Especially the understanding of code details ）.

From the tester's point of view , Functional test, system test and other performance tests require testers to have a high ability to understand the global characteristics , As long as testers can master oneortwo automated test frameworks, they can basically carry out functions 、 Performance automated testing , But research and development with the help of testing framework reduces testers' mastery of code 、 Understanding requirements .

From a developer perspective , User requirements are often not specific 、 comprehensive , Therefore, there are limitations in converting user requirements into development documents or writing development code for a certain function （ That is what we often say bug）.

therefore , Writing unit tests can help testers better understand code details 、 Improve code development capability , It can also help developers identify possible problems in the code in advance bug, Improve the fault tolerance of code .

How to make unit test report

Good unit test reports can help testers better analyze 、 Digging for hidden problems . that , How to make a unit test report , From which dimensions ？ Here we mainly think about this problem from the perspective of testers .

First , We need to present the number of our test cases and test results in the report （pass perhaps fail）, And error details .

secondly , Starting from the characteristics of unit test itself , We need to be able to show the branch for unit code in the report 、 Coverage of unit methods, etc , Better help us sort out and test the excellence of case design .

Here it is , We use surefire-report Count the number of test cases and test results , Use jacoco The coverage rate of unit measurement is calculated （ notes ： The default test case execution method in this article is mvn test）.

How to configure

surefire-report To configure

Configuration method ： To configure maven-surefire-plugin plug-in unit ,maven-surefire-plugin yes maven default test actuator , The configuration method is shown in the figure below ：
Above picture testFailureIgnore It means to ignore the errors in the unit test and continue to build ,/*Test.java： Indicates that all the names under any subdirectory are named with Test At the end of the Java class ,/Test*.java： It means that all naming under any subdirectory will not be executed Test At the beginning Java class .

Execution method ： Use mvn test surefire-report:report that will do , Will be generated in /target/site/surefire-report.html Test report document .

As shown in the figure below ：

Tests Displays the total number of use cases ;

Errors It refers to the situation that the procedure does not take into account , For example, exception failed to catch ;

Failure It refers to the difference between the expected result and the result of the actual operation unit , It often appears in assertions ;

Skipped Indicates the number of test cases skipped ;

Success Rate Indicates the success rate of the use case （= Number of successful use cases / Total number of use cases ）;

Time Show total time ;

Package List Show detailed package Next use case execution result .
Configuration method ： To configure jacoco-maven-plugin plug-in unit , The configuration method is shown in the figure below ,phase Represents the life cycle phase of the plug-in operation .
Execution method ：mvn test Execution can be . Will be in /target/site/jacoco/ Generate the total coverage report under the directory index.html And different package Unit test coverage report for …/xxx/index.html. Besides, there are csv and xml Unit test coverage report in .
As shown in the above figure, there is a package Unit test coverage report for ：

The red progress bar table does not cover ;

A green progress bar indicates that ;

Cov Is the overall coverage ;

Missed Instructions Indicates code coverage ;

Missed Branches Indicates the logical branch coverage ;

Missed Cxty Indicates the number of judgments executed ;

Missed Lines Represents the number of lines of code ;

Methods Indicates the number of methods .

How to use unit test reports

thus , We talked about the importance of unit tests and how to set up and view unit test reports . Now let's talk about how to use unit test reports .

In this article, we describe two unit test reports , One is to facilitate testers to count the number of unit test cases and analyze the results of case execution from the perspective of testers surefire-report The report , The other is to help testers and developers analyze the code coverage of unit test cases jacoco The report .

about surefire-report For reporting purposes , We are mainly used to count the number of use cases and judge whether the use case design is reasonable through the use case execution results 、 Is there a problem with the test environment , Can be similar to something closer to the code layer “ A functional test ” The report .

about jacoco Unit test coverage report , We can judge whether the test case design is missing by unit test coverage , So as to complete the missing test cases . The following figure shows a Package Unit test coverage report of a method in a class .
As shown in the figure above , Green diamonds mean full coverage , Yellow diamonds indicate partial coverage , A red diamond means there is no cover .

From the above test report, we can see the lack of unit test cases covering the red part , So it can be redesigned 、 Complete the test cases corresponding to the red branch .

Summary

For most testers , There are few opportunities to contact unit testing at work . however , From the perspective of career development path and personal ability improvement , Learning unit testing can not only improve the business ability of testers , Understanding of the code , It can also improve some “ viability ” Well , It is said that “ Many hands make light work ” It is so .

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