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awk从入门到入土(0)awk概述
2022-07-03 02:13:00 【奇妙之二进制】
1、介绍
AWK是一种文本处理语言,这门语言在1977年诞生于贝尔实验室,距今已经历了40多年的发展。它支持POSIX标准,有几种符合标准的实现,在2020年居然仍然有着大量拥趸,无论是用于简单的文本处理任务还是用于处理“大数据”。
其名称来自其作者的名字缩写:Alfred Aho,Peter Weinberger和Brian Kernighan。AWK是核心的Unix工具,旨在做一件事:过滤和转换文本行。它通常用于解析日志文件中的字段,转换其他工具的输出以及计算单词和字段的出现次数。
由 GNU/Linux 发布的 AWK 版本通常被称之为 GNU AWK,由自由软件基金( Free Software Foundation, FSF)负责开发维护的。
各种AWK版本
当前使用的AWK有三个主要版本,并且它们都符合POSIX标准(至少对于绝大多数用例而言,足够接近)。第一个是经典awk,它是Aho,Weinberger和Kernighan在他们的《 AWK编程语言》一书中描述的AWK版本。有时称为“新AWK”(nawk)或“一个真正的AWK”,现在托管在GitHub上。这是许多基于BSD的系统(包括macOS)上预先安装的版本(尽管macOS随附的版本已过时,需要升级)。
第二个是GNU Awk(gawk),它是迄今为止功能最强大,维护最活跃的版本。Gawk通常预先安装在Linux系统上,并且通常是默
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