This article takes you to learn in detail what is fiber to home FTTH

Fast 、 The information communication with low delay and large capacity is growing rapidly all over the world , This has also increased the demand of millions of Internet users and customers for cheap and high-speed access .

Internet service providers have found that fiber to the home is a future oriented solution to this problem .

FTTH It is one of the most important technologies in the network today and in the future , Because it not only increases access to bandwidth , And reduces equipment and maintenance costs , At the same time, the service quality has been greatly improved .

The prediction shows that , The Internet usage speed of individual users will reach 100Mbps, In the end 1Gbps. Optical fiber is the only transmission medium that can support this long-distance transmission speed .

that , What is fiber to the home ？

Fiber to home (FTTH) It is to install and use optical fiber directly from the central point to the residence 、 Apartment buildings, enterprises and other buildings , To provide high-speed Internet access . Compared with the technology currently used in most places ,FTTH Significantly improves the availability of Connection speed .

FTTH It can reach... Per second 100 Megabits ( Mbps ) The connection speed of , This speed is typical of cable modems or DSL（ Digital subscriber line ） Connected 20 To 100 times . Large scale implementation FTTH The high cost of , Because it needs to be in from the existing fiber-optic cable to individual users “ Last mile ” Install a new cable set on the . Some communities currently have Fiber to the side of the road (FTTC) service ,FTTC It refers to the installation and use of optical cables on the roadside near homes or businesses ,“ copper ” The medium transmits signals between the roadside and the end user .

How fiber to the home works ？

FTTH The defining feature of is that it connects the optical fiber directly to the residence , Use optical fiber in most or all of the last mile of telecommunications , Optical fiber use optical signal Transfer data for higher performance .

FTTH The basic structure of the access network is as follows ： The optical cable starts from the central office , Distribution hub through optical fiber (FDH), Then through the network access point (NAP), Finally, enter the home box through the terminal used as the connection point .

The photo below shows a trench with orange pipes . Once the pipeline infrastructure is embedded , Optical fiber （ Similar to a rope ） Will cross the orange pipe from the network access point .

FTTH Architecture and components

There are two types of systems that allow optical cables to transmit data using light ：

• Active optical network (AON)
• Passive optical network ( PON )

AON Use electric switching equipment to actively guide signals to specific users ,PON Use the beam splitter instead of the electric switch to guide the signal , It means PON Users only need the electric equipment at the receiving end of the network .

Both types are in FTTH Used in implementation , And each has its own advantages , But most FTTH All implementations use PON, Because of their Lower installation cost and higher performance .

PON The network topology is as follows ：

• Optical line terminal of the provider central office (OLT).
• Optical network units close to end-user premises (ONU).
• OLT and ONU Optical distribution network between (ODN), Used to split and allocate edges PON The transmitted signal .

FTTH Network devices

FTTH Deployment requires a lot of planning and elements to scale from the access node to the user's site .

There are two basic elements in an optical network ：

• be located ISP Optical line terminal on the side (OTL)
• An optical network unit located at the customer's premises (ONU).

The connection between these two elements is made through optical and non optical devices and components .

Non optical devices include

• Hardware
• cupboard
• Distribution frame
• Optical fiber sealing
• pedal

When it comes to optics , We're talking about joints 、 Couplers and adapters 、 The connector 、 fiber cable 、 The connector 、 Splitter 、 Jumper 、 Incoming cables and incoming terminals .

fiber cable

In the deployment PON When the network , Installing optical cables is one of the most expensive processes , Cables can be installed underground （ underground ）、 In pipes and on poles and towers （ In the air ）.

separator

According to the optical fiber Association , These passive components receive inputs and divide them to send signals to a plurality of users , Thus greatly reducing the cost .

The connector

Simplex connector at FTTH Most used in deployment .

The most common is ：

• SC/APC.
• ST/APC
• LC/APC

Multi fiber connectors are becoming more and more popular , Because they can hold 4 To 72 An optical fiber , Is the most popular MTO.

PON The most commonly used connector type in the network is APC（ Angular physical contact ） The connector , Because of its 8 Degree polished insert minimizes wear and tear ：

• Return loss ：-60 Decibel .
• Typical loss ：0.5 dB.

To avoid transmission problems .APC Connectors can of course be identified by their green color

Use FTTH The benefits of

FTTH The main benefit of Improved network performance , especially The long distance Higher speed on , This is using coaxial cable 、 Twisted pair conductors and DSL Can't be achieved by the old method .

Due to its significantly higher bandwidth ,FTTH It is considered by experts to be the best technology to deal with consumer network demand in the next few decades . Some of the benefits that follow include ：

• Improved the performance of streaming HD video .
• Multiple upgrades without replacing the fiber , So some people will FTTH be called “ Facing the future ”, Infrastructure around fiber can be updated , Without updating the fiber itself .
• Higher speed over longer distances than previous technologies .
• Better than other fiber configurations , Because the optical fiber is directly connected to the house , And you can use Ethernet or coaxial cable to complete the remaining network segments .

FTTH And FTTN、FTTC etc.

FTTH Is the term fiber to x (FTTx) A more specific version of , among x Represents a point in the network , At this point , Optical cables are connected to nearby buildings to provide services . In every term , The position where the optical fiber stops and transmits the signal to the metal cable starts to be different . All versions of FTTx All are next generation access (NGA) The driving force behind , This means upgrading the speed and quality of broadband networks .

Fiber to the home is so named , Because the cable is directly connected to the user's home .FTTB（ Optical fiber to the building ） It can be done with FTTH Use interchangeably , Because the network structure is the same , The three words "home" and "building" are used to describe the residential area directly connected by optical fiber network .

FTTH and FTTB One between Little difference yes FTTH Connect the optical fiber directly to the residence , There may be more than one in one building , stay FTTB in , Fiber optic connection to the building , Then metal cables are connected to the internal units —— Home or office .

Fiber to the side of the road （FTTC）, The reason why it is so named , Because the fiber optic cable is not directly connected to the building 、 Home or place , Instead, connect to the roadside near your home or business , The twisted pair connection transmits the signal from the roadside to the building to the end user .

Fiber to node (FTTN) It refers to the setting where the optical fiber is connected to the network cabinet or node and the signal is transmitted to the copper wire at this point .

There are several others FTTx edition , Include ：

• Fiber to terminal (FTTT)： Fiber optic cables are connected directly to the desktop equipment in the office .
• Optical fiber to the office (FTTO)： And FTTT similar , The optical cable is connected to the micro switch on the desk of the office user , The entire office usually has multiple switches , Manage from a central location .
• Fiber to street (FTTS)：FTTS Be situated between FTTB and FTTC Between , It transits to FTTC Closer but more than directly connected to the building FTTB Further copper wire .
• Fiber to distribution point (FTTdp)：FTTdp yes FTTC and FTTN Mixture , The last possible distribution point before the end of the fiber is connected to the end user's location .

FTTx There are many other acronyms in the category , But between them The only major difference yes The end point of the optical fiber cable and the start point of the metal wire .

And FTTH A slightly different term is fixed wireless , It does not switch from optical fiber to metal cable at the end of optical fiber , Instead, it transmits wireless signals to the home . This eliminates the need to route the last segment of the network , Because the installation cost is the highest .

FTTH Evolution of

since 1980 s ,FTTH Continuous development , To meet the growing network demand in the modern world , Many are in 1980 Optical cables implemented in the s are still in use today , This proves their flexibility over time . since 1980 s , Fiber optic technology has become easier to install and cheaper than before , today ,FTTH And the use of optical fiber continues to increase .