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Basic embedded concepts
2022-07-05 07:54:00 【Soy sauce;】
1. Modern computer architecture
Three primary keys :CPU, Memory module , Hard disk
2. Some processor concepts
cpu: a central processor , stay PC It is an independent chip .
MPU (Microprocessor Unit) Microprocessor , The central processing unit in microcomputer (CPU) It's called a microprocessor (MPU)
mcu It's a microcomputer , SCM is similar to
- CPU(Central Processing Unit):
a central processor , stay PC It is an independent chip .
In embedded systems , It is a unit in the chip , With other modules, such as USB、UART、 Audio constitutes a chip . - MPU(Mircro Processor Unit):
Microprocessor unit , Its function is equivalent to that in PC The use of CPU, It is just a processor , Need to match memory 、Flash And other peripherals can be used .
Now? , Except on personal computers CPU, Basically can't find MPU 了 . And we usually don't put the on the computer CPU As MPU, After all, it is also quite big , Does not “ small ”. - MCU(Micro Controller Unit):
Microcontroller unit , Sometimes it is also called SCM .cpu+ram+flash(rom) etc.
MCU The processor and various modules are integrated inside , such as USB controller 、UART controller 、 Memory 、Flash wait . Only a small number of external devices are needed , You can build an electronic system .
C51 chip 、STM32 Wait for the chip , All are MCU.
MCU Memory inside the chip or Flash, What is the capacity KB、 A few hundred KB、 A few MB The magnitude of , Generally, external memory or Flash. - Application Processors: Application processor
The main chip in the mobile phone follows MCU similar , It also integrates processors and various modules .** But its performance has been greatly improved , You can connect several outside GB Of memory 、 A few GB Of Flash.** You can run the operating system
In the cell phone , This main chip is generally used to process display 、 Input , Run the user's program , So call it “Application Processors”.
“Application Processors” The concept of can be extended to other scenarios , No longer limited to mobile phones .
Follow MCU Compare ,Application Processors There are the following differences :
a. More modules are integrated :
Application Processors More modules are integrated inside , For example, for data processing DSP、 For graphic display GPU, There are even multiple processors .
Here is another concept “ System on chip ”(SoC,System on Chip),SoC The original intention of is to build a complete system on one chip .
But this concept is relatively broad in daily use :MCU Chips can also be called SoC,Application Processors It can also be called SoC, Even if they have to be connected to external memory /Flash And other peripherals can operate .
In previous documents SoC when , It means a more complex system ; Now MCU Do not belong to SoC, because MCU Relatively simple . But the times are developing ,MCU It's getting more and more complicated , So the MCU As well as SoC It's OK, too .
In the circuit board of mobile phone , The available space is very small .Application Processors It can only be used with memory chips , Therefore, a kind of technology called package-on-package (PoP) Technology of : Weld on the circuit board first Application Processors, stay Application Processors Then solder the memory chip on it , namely 2 The chips are stacked together .
b. The operating system is different :
MCU Generally, the operating system is not running , Or run some small real-time operating systems with less resource consumption (RTOS).
MCU It is generally used to deal with things with high real-time requirements , Deal with some simple things .
Application Processors Basically, they will run more complex operating systems ( such as Linux), Run multiple on the operating system APP.
3. The concept of embedded system
One sentence leads to the whole embedded system : Support multiple device startup
ROM read-only
RAM Can read but write
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