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使用源码编译来安装PostgreSQL13.3数据库

2022-07-06 16:23:00 【华为云】

1、安装概述

PG安装方法很多，和MySQL类似，给用户提供很大的选择空间。如：RPM包安装(在线、离线)、源码编译安装、系统自带、二进制、NDB安装等。

https://www.postgresql.org/

https://yum.postgresql.org/rpmchart.php

https://yum.postgresql.org/11/redhat/rhel-6-x86_64/repoview/postgresqldbserver11.group.html

https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/

打开 PostgreSQL 官网 https://www.postgresql.org/，点击菜单栏上的Download ，可以看到这里包含了很多平台的安装包，包括 Linux、Windows、Mac OS等。

各个安装包：https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/

Linux 我们可以看到支持 Ubuntu 和 Red Hat 等各个平台，点击具体的平台链接，即可查看安装方法：

点击上图中的 file browser，我们还能下载 PostgreSQL 最新的源码。

下载地址：

https://www.postgresql.org/download

https://yum.postgresql.org/repopackages.php

文档：https://www.postgresql.org/download/linux/redhat/

rpm下载：https://yum.postgresql.org/rpmchart/

生产库建议源码安装，以下方法已在9.6到13版本测试过。

2、下载源码包

源码下载地址：https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/

-- 下载源码包wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.3/postgresql-13.3.tar.gzwget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.2/postgresql-13.2.tar.gzwget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.6/postgresql-12.6.tar.gzwget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.11/postgresql-11.11.tar.gzwget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v10.16/postgresql-10.16.tar.gzwget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.6.21/postgresql-9.6.21.tar.gzwget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.4.26/postgresql-9.4.26.tar.gz

3、创建用户和安装目录

-- 创建用户groupadd -g 60000 pgsqluseradd -u 60000 -g pgsql pgsqlecho "lhr" | passwd --stdin pgsql-- 创建目录mkdir -p /postgresql/{pgdata,archive,scripts,backup,pg13,soft}chown -R pgsql:pgsql /postgresqlchmod -R 775 /postgresql

4、编译PG

-- 安装一些依赖包yum install -y cmake make gcc zlib gcc-c++ perl readline readline-devel zlib zlib-devel \perl python36 tcl openssl ncurses-devel openldap pam-- 编译su - pgsqlcd /postgresql/softtar zxvf postgresql-13.3.tar.gzcd postgresql-13.3./configure --prefix=/postgresql/pg13 --without-readlinemake -j 8 && make install

5、配置环境变量

-- 配置环境变量cat >>  ~/.bash_profile <<"EOF"export LANG=en_US.UTF-8export PS1="[\[email protected]\h \W]\$ "export PGPORT=5432export PGDATA=/postgresql/pgdataexport PGHOME=/postgresql/pg13export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATHexport PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH:.export DATE=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"`export MANPATH=$PGHOME/share/man:$MANPATHexport PGHOST=$PGDATAexport PGUSER=postgresexport PGDATABASE=postgresalias psql='rlwrap psql' EOFsource  ~/.bash_profile

6、初始化数据库

-- 初始化su - pgsql/postgresql/pg13/bin/initdb -D /postgresql/pgdata -E UTF8 --locale=en_US.utf8 -U postgres

7、配置远程登陆

-- 修改参数cat >> /postgresql/pgdata/postgresql.conf <<"EOF"listen_addresses = '*'port=5432unix_socket_directories='/postgresql/pgdata'logging_collector = onlog_directory = 'pg_log'log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log'log_truncate_on_rotation = onEOFcat   > /postgresql/pgdata/pg_hba.conf << EOF# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHODlocal     all       all                    trusthost      all       all   127.0.0.1/32     trusthost      all       all    0.0.0.0/0        md5host   replication  all    0.0.0.0/0        md5EOF-- 启动su - pgsqlpg_ctl startpg_ctl statuspg_ctl stop-- 或：nohup /postgresql/pg13/bin/postgres -D /postgresql/pgdata > /postgresql/pg13/pglog.out 2>&1 &

8、配置系统服务

-- 配置系统服务cat > /etc/systemd/system/PG13.service <<"EOF"[Unit]Description=PostgreSQL database serverDocumentation=man:postgres(1)After=network.target[Service]Type=forkingUser=pgsqlGroup=pgsqlEnvironment=PGPORT=5432Environment=PGDATA=/postgresql/pgdataOOMScoreAdjust=-1000ExecStart=/postgresql/pg13/bin/pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -s -o "-p ${PGPORT}" -w -t 300ExecStop=/postgresql/pg13/bin/pg_ctl stop -D ${PGDATA} -s -m fastExecReload=/postgresql/pg13/bin/pg_ctl reload -D ${PGDATA} -sKillMode=mixedKillSignal=SIGINTTimeoutSec=0[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.targetEOF

使用systemctl启动PG：

systemctl daemon-reloadsystemctl enable PG13systemctl start PG13systemctl status PG13

已启动：

[root@lhrpg postgresql]# systemctl status PG13● PG13.service - PostgreSQL database server   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/PG13.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)   Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-05-26 21:32:26 CST; 1s ago     Docs: man:postgres(1)  Process: 12473 ExecStart=/postgresql/pg13/bin/pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -s -o -p ${PGPORT} -w -t 300 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 12475 (postgres)   CGroup: /docker/ea25b97cfa732f1ec6f188098898e8f26b64cd1bf1e9b408898d722c8a5917fb/system.slice/PG13.service           ├─12475 /postgresql/pg13/bin/postgres -D /postgresql/pgdata -p 5433           ├─12476 postgres: logger            ├─12478 postgres: checkpointer            ├─12479 postgres: background writer            ├─12480 postgres: walwriter            ├─12481 postgres: autovacuum launcher            ├─12482 postgres: stats collector            └─12483 postgres: logical replication launcher May 26 21:32:26 lhrpg systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL database server...May 26 21:32:26 lhrpg pg_ctl[12473]: 2021-05-26 21:32:26.617 CST [12475] LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector processMay 26 21:32:26 lhrpg pg_ctl[12473]: 2021-05-26 21:32:26.617 CST [12475] HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "pg_log".May 26 21:32:26 lhrpg systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL database server.

9、登陆测试

-- 远程登陆psql -U postgres -h 192.168.66.35 -d postgres -p5432-- 从Postgresql 9.2开始，还可以使用URI格式进行远程连接：psql postgresql://myuser:[email protected]:5432/mydbpsql postgresql://postgres:[email protected]:5432/postgres

其中-h参数指定服务器地址，默认为127.0.0.1，默认不指定即可，-d指定连接之后选中的数据库，默认也是postgres，-U指定用户，默认是当前用户，-p 指定端口号，默认是"5432"，其它更多的参数选项可以执行： ./bin/psql --help 查看。

C:\Users\lhrxxt>psql -U postgres -h 192.168.66.35 -d postgres -p5432Password for user postgres:psql (13.3)Type "help" for help.postgres=# \l                                        List of databases   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |      Collate      |       Ctype       |   Access privileges-----------+----------+----------+-------------------+-------------------+----------------------- postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | Chinese_China.936 | Chinese_China.936 | template0 | postgres | UTF8     | Chinese_China.936 | Chinese_China.936 | =c/postgres          +           |          |          |                   |                   | postgres=CTc/postgres template1 | postgres | UTF8     | Chinese_China.936 | Chinese_China.936 | =c/postgres          +           |          |          |                   |                   | postgres=CTc/postgres(3 rows)postgres=# CREATE DATABASE lhrdb WITH OWNER=postgres ENCODING='UTF-8';CREATE DATABASEpostgres=# \c lhrdbYou are now connected to database "lhrdb" as user "postgres".lhrdb=#lhrdb=# create table student (lhrdb(# id integer not null,lhrdb(# name character(32),lhrdb(# number char(5),lhrdb(# constraint student_pkey primary key (id)lhrdb(# );CREATE TABLElhrdb=#lhrdb=# \d student                 Table "public.student" Column |     Type      | Collation | Nullable | Default--------+---------------+-----------+----------+--------- id     | integer       |           | not null | name   | character(32) |           |          | number | character(5)  |           |          |Indexes:    "student_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)lhrdb=#lhrdb=# INSERT INTO student (id, name, number) VALUES (1, '张三', '1023');INSERT 0 1lhrdb=# SELECT * FROM student WHERE id=1; id |                name                | number----+------------------------------------+--------  1 | 张三                               | 1023(1 row)