当前位置:网站首页>二十四、输入输出设备模型(串口/键盘/磁盘/打印机/总线/中断控制器/DMA和GPU)
二十四、输入输出设备模型(串口/键盘/磁盘/打印机/总线/中断控制器/DMA和GPU)
2022-06-30 05:44:00 【[T]】
一、计算机接口
CPU工作:取指令,译码,执行
1、串口,字符输入输出
2、键盘
二、总线、中断控制器和DMA
1、总线,特殊的IO设备
(1)提供设备注册和地址到设备转发
(2)PCI总线
USB总线挂在PCI上
2、中断控制器
3、DMA,Direct Memory Access
(1)CPU将数据传递到设备,效率会很低
(2)使用一个简单的运算单元来搬移数据,结束后通过中断通知CPU,可以很大的提高CPU效率
三、GPU和异构计算
1、PPU(NES Picture Processing Unit)
2、2D实现3D
(1)三维的多边形,在视平面上也是多边形
(2)任何n边形,可以分解为n-1个三角形
3、现代的GPU:一个通用的计算设备
一个完整的众核多处理器
(1)注重大量并行相似的任务
例如:使用OpenGL,CUDA
4、异构计算
(1)一个芯片中拥有多种核心(CPU、GPU、NPU、MPU)
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