How to create an rpm package

This article shows how to package scripts into rpm格式的文件

什么是RPM包？

RPM是Red Hat Package Manager的简称,rpm包可以在redhatSeries systems are easy to install,更新,卸载.包括Fedora, CentOS, RHEL, etc.

RPM包使用.rpm扩展名,是一个压缩包,包含

• 二进制文件（nmap, stat, xattr, ssh, sshd, and so on）
• 配置文件 (sshd.conf, updatedb.conf, logrotate.conf, etc.)
• 文档 (README, TODO, AUTHOR, etc)

rpmThe general format of the package name：

<name>-<version>-<release>.<arch>.rpm

例如：

bdsync-0.11.1-1.x86_64.rpm

Some packages also containrpmapplicable platform：

bdsync-0.11.1-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

如何创建rpm包

1. 安装rpm开发工具

 yum install -y rpmdevtools rpmlint

2. 创建rpmPackage development directory

创建rpmThe development directory for the package,位置一般在$HOME/rpmbuild：

$ rpmdev-setuptree

The development directory structure and function are as follows：

rpmbuild/
├── BUILD
├── RPMS
├── SOURCES
├── SPECS
└── SRPMS

• BUILD 目录用于存放rpmTemporary files generated during the build process
• RPMS Directory to store resultsrpm包
• SOURCES 目录存放源码. Can be a simple script,Complex that needs to be compiledC项目.The format of the source code is usually .tar.gz或者.tgz
• SPEC 目录存放.spec文件, .specfile is used to define how to packagerpm
• SPRPMS 存放.src.rpm包,The source package does not belong to any architecture eitherLinux发行版. 实际的.rpm包是基于.src.rpm包构建的.

创建一个简单的rpm包

1. 创建一个简单的脚本

$ cat << EOF >> hello.sh #!/bin/sh echo "Hello world" EOF

2. 创建源码包

mkdir hello-0.0.1
mv hello.sh hello-0.0.1
tar --create --file hello-0.0.1.tar.gz hello-0.0.1
mv hello-0.0.1.tar.gz $HOME/rpmbuild/SOURCES

3. 创建spec文件

The following command generates the templatespec

rpmdev-newspec hello

The current directory structure is shown below：

/root/rpmbuild/
├── BUILD
├── BUILDROOT
├── RPMS
├── SOURCES
│   └── hello-0.0.1.tar.gz
├── SPECS
│   └── hello.spec
└── SRPMS

• hello.spec

Name:           hello
Version:        0.0.1
Release:        1%{
    ?dist}
Summary:        A simple hello world script   
BuildArch:      noarch      # noarchIt means that any chip architecture or distribution can be installed

License:        GPL
Source0:        %{
    name}-%{
    version}.tar.gz  # 源码包名字,此处为hello-0.0.1.tar.gz

Requires:       bash   # The prerequisite for this software installation is requiredbash,多个的话用","分隔,比如gcc,gcc-c++

%description
A demo RPM build

%prep
%setup -q    # This step is decompressionSOURCESDirectory of source packages

%install
rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT    # RPM_BUILD_ROOTis the build current directory,宏常量
mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{
    _bindir}
cp %{
    name}.sh $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{
    _bindir}  # 拷贝到rpm包的%{_bindir}的目录下,%{_bindir}is a macro constant,通常为/usr/bin

%clean
rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT

%files
%{
    _bindir}/%{
    name}.sh  # /usr/bin/hello.sh 相当于把rpm包里的hello.sh放到/usr/bin下

%changelog
* Sun Nov  18 2020 Valentin Bajrami <[email protected]> - 0.0.1
- First version being packaged

How to view macro constants

$ rpm --eval '%{_bindir}'
/usr/bin
Other useful macros:

Other commonly used macro constants：

• %{name} name of the package (as defined in the Name: field)
• %{version} version of the package (as defined in the Version: field)
• %{_datadir} shared data (/usr/sbin by default)
• %{_sysconfdir} configuration directory (/etc by default)

4. 检测spec文件有效性

$ rpmlint ~/rpmbuild/SPECS/hello.spec
SPECS/hello.spec: W: no-%build-section
SPECS/hello.spec: W: invalid-url Source0: hello-0.0.1.tar.gz
0 packages and 1 specfiles checked; 0 errors, 2 warnings.

5. 构建rpm包

rpmbuild -ba hello.spec

• -b build
• -a both source and binary packages

6. 测试安装包

cd ~/rpmbuild/RPMS
rpm -ivh hello-0.0.1.rpm

检测rpm是否成功：

rpm -qi hello

Troubleshoting

1. 缺少so文件

在一些场景下,.so文件包含于rpm包中,但是运行rpm -ivh时出现,如下报错：

$ rpm -ivh hello.rpm
error: Failed dependencies:
        lib3ds-2.so()(64bit) is needed by cips-22.05.06-1.el7.x86_64
        libAltova.so()(64bit) is needed by cips-22.05.06-1.el7.x86_64
        libAltovaXML.so()(64bit) is needed by cips-22.05.06-1.el7.x86_64
        libGLEW.so.2.1()(64bit) is needed by cips-22.05.06-1.el7.x86_64

这是因为rpmbuildThe process will automatically detect the software required.so依赖,But only the test passedrpm方式安装的.假如.so文件在rpm里,安装可以使用--nodepsoption to skip detection, This does not affect the normal operation of the software.

rpm -ivh --nodeps *.rpm

Reference List

1. 翻译
   How to create a Linux RPM package

2. 参考：

• • https://www.cnblogs.com/dissipate/p/13050646.html
• • https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2015/02/rpm-build-package-example/#:~:text=To%20build%20an%20rpm%20file%20based%20on%20the,rpm-build%20package.%20Install%20it%20as%20shown%20show%20below.