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HCIA复习
2022-07-06 05:47:00 【俺是普信男】
目录
OSI/RM
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应用层 >> 提供各种应用服务,将抽象语言转换为编码,提供人机交互的接口
表示层 >> 将编码转换为二进制 统一格式
会话层 >> 维持网络应用和网络服务器之间的会话
传输层 >> 实现端到端通信(应用到应用) sport dport
网络层 >> 使用IP地址实现主机之间的逻辑寻址 --- SIP DIP
数据链路层 >> 控制物理硬件 将二进制转化为电信号
物理层 >> 处理传递电信号
端口号长度为为16个二进制位
0-65535
其中0不作为传输层的端口使用
端口号范围为1-65535
1-1023为知名端口号
- DNS域名解析服务(53)
- DHCP(UDP67,68)
获取DIP地址的方法
1.知道服务器的IP地址
2.通过域名访问服务器
3.通过应用程序访问服务器
4.广播
MAC地址由48位二进制构成
全球唯一性,格式统一 --SMAC DMAC
数据链路层 通过MAC地址进行物理寻址
获取DMAC的方法 - -ARP协议 -- - -地址解析协议
1.正向ARP- - - 通过IP地址获取MAC地址
主机通过 广播的形式发送ARP,基于已知的IP地址,请求MAC地址。广播域内所有设备都能收到请求包,所有收到数据包的设备都会记录数据包中源IP地址和源MAC地址的对应关系稻本地的ARP缓存表中。之后,再看请求的IP地址,如果是本地的IP地址,则将进行ARP应答,将本地的MAC地址告知。如果不是本地的IP地址,则将直接丢弃数据包。之后,再发送数据时,优先查看本地的ARP缓存表,如果表中存在记录,则将直接按照记录发送信息。如果没有记录,则再发送ARP请求包获取MAC地址
2.反向ARP- - - 通过MAC地址获取IP地址
3.免费ARP
IP地址
静态路由
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