Liunx command

To turn it off / restart / Cancellation

| Common commands | effect |

| ----------------- | ------------------------ |

| shutdown -h now | Shut down immediately |

| shutdown -h 10 | 10 Shut down in minutes |

| shutdown -h 11:00 | 11：00 To turn it off |

| shutdown -h +10 | Scheduled time to shut down （10 Minutes later ） |

| shutdown -c | Cancel the specified time shutdown |

| shutdown -r now | restart |

| shutdown -r 10 | 10 Restart in minutes |

| shutdown -r 11:00 | Restart regularly |

| reboot | restart |

| init 6 | restart |

| init 0 | ⽴ Instant shutdown |

| telinit 0 | To turn it off |

| poweroff | ⽴ Instant shutdown |

| halt | To turn it off |

| sync | buff Data synchronization to disk |

| logout | Log out Shell |

System information and performance view

| Common commands | effect |

| --------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |

| uname -a | View kernel /OS/CPU Information |

| uname -r | View kernel version |

| uname -m | Look at the processor architecture |

| arch | Look at the processor architecture |

| hostname | View computer name |

| who | Displays the name of the currently logged in system ⽤ Household |

| who am i | Displays the at login ⽤ Account name |

| whoami | Show the current ⽤ Account name |

| cat /proc/version | see linux Version information |

| cat /proc/cpuinfo | see CPU Information |

| cat /proc/interrupts | View interrupt |

| cat /proc/loadavg | View system load |

| uptime | View the system operation ⾏ Time 、⽤ households 、 load |

| env | View the system's environment variables |

| lsusb -tv | Check the system USB Equipment information |

| lspci -tv | Check the system PCI Equipment information |

| lsmod | View the loaded system modules |

| grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo | View total memory |

| grep MemFree /proc/meminfo | View the amount of free memory |

| free -m | Look at the memory ⽤ Volume and exchange area ⽤ The amount |

| date | Display system ⽇ Time period |

| cal 2021 | Show 2021⽇ Calendar |

| top | Dynamic display cpu/ Memory / Progress, etc |

| vmstat 1 20 | Every time 1 Seconds ⼀ Secondary system status , Mining 20 Time |

| iostat | see io Reading and writing /cpu send ⽤ situation |

| see io Reading and writing /cpu send ⽤ situation | Inquire about cpu send ⽤ situation （1 second ⼀ Time , common 10 Time ） |

| sar -d 1 10 | Query disk performance |

Disks and partitions

| Common commands | effect |

| ----------------------------------- | ------------------------------ |

| fdisk -l | View all partitions |

| swapon -s | View all swap partitions |

| df -h | View the disk so that ⽤ Situation and mounting point |

| df -hl | ditto |

| du -sh /dir | View a specified ⽬ Recorded ⼤⼩ |

| du -sk * | sort -rn | from ⾼ To low in order ⽂ Pieces and ⽬ record ⼤⼩ |

| mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2 | mount hda2 disc |

| mount -t ntfs /dev/sdc1 /mnt/usbhd1 | Appoint ⽂ System type mount （ Such as ntfs） |

| mount -o loop xxx.iso /mnt/cdrom | hang load iso ⽂ Pieces of |

| umount -v /dev/sda1 | Uninstall by device name |

| umount -v /mnt/mymnt | Unload through mount point |

| fuser -km /mnt/hda1 | Force uninstall ( Cautious ⽤) |

⽤ Household and ⽤ Household group

| Common commands | effect |

| ----------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |

| useradd codesheep | establish ⽤ Household |

| userdel -r codesheep | Delete ⽤ Household |

| usermod -g groupname username | modify ⽤ User's group |

| usermod -aG groupname username | take ⽤ Add user to group |

| usermod -s /bin/ksh -d /home/codepig –g dev codesheep | modify ⽤ Household codesheep The login Shell、 Lord ⽬ And ⽤ Household group |

| groups test | see test⽤ User's group |

| groupadd group_name | establish ⽤ Household group |

| groupdel group_name | Delete ⽤ Household group |

| groupmod -n newname oldname | rename ⽤ Household group |

| su - username | su - username |

| passwd | modify ⼝ Make |

| passwd codesheep | Modify a ⽤ Household ⼝ Make |

| w | View the activities ⽤ Household |

| id codesheep | View specified ⽤ Household codesheep Information |

| last | see ⽤ User login ⽇ Records |

| crontab -l | View the current ⽤ The planned task of the user |

| cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd | Check all of the system ⽤ Household |

| cut -d: -f1 /etc/group | View all groups in the system |

⽹ Network and process management

| Common commands | effect |

| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------ |

| ifconfig | see ⽹ Collaterals ⼝ attribute |

| ifconfig eth0 | View a ⽹ Card configuration |

| route -n | View routing table |

| netstat -lntp | View all listeners ⼝ |

| netstat -antp | View already built ⽴ Of TCP Connect |

| netstat -lutp | see TCP/UDP Status information |

| ifup eth0 | Qi ⽤eth0⽹ Network devices |

| ifdown eth0 | Forbid ⽤eth0⽹ Network devices |

| iptables -L | see iptables The rules |

| ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 | To configure ip Address |

| dhclient eth0 | With dhcp Mode on ⽤eth0 |

| route add -net 0/0 gw Gateway_IP | Configure the default ⽹ Turn off |

| route add -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1 | Configure static routing to arrive ⽹ Collateral '192.168.0.0/16' |

| route del 0/0 gw Gateway_IP | Delete static route |

| hostname | View host name |

| host www.baidu.com | Resolve host name |

| nslookup www.baidu.com | Inquire about DNS Record , Check whether domain name resolution is normal |

| ps -ef | View all processes |

| ps -ef | grep codesheep | Filter out the processes you need |

| kill -s name | kill Process with specified name |

| kill -s pid | kill Appoint pid The process of |

| top | Real time display of process status |

| vmstat 1 20 | Every time 1 Seconds ⼀ Secondary system status , Mining 20 Time |

| iostat | iostat |

| sar -u 1 10 | Inquire about cpu send ⽤ situation （1 second ⼀ Time , common 10 Time ） |

| sar -d 1 10 | Query disk performance |

often ⻅ System service command

| Common commands | effect |

| -------------------------- | ------------ |

| chkconfig --list | List system services |

| service < service name> status | Check out a service |

| service < service name> start | Start a service |

| service < service name> stop | end ⽌ A service |

| service < service name> restart | Restart a service |

| systemctl status < service name> | Check out a service |

| systemctl start < service name> | Start a service |

| systemctl stop < service name> | end ⽌ A service |

| systemctl restart < service name> | Restart a service |

| systemctl enable < service name> | close ⾃ start-up |

| systemctl disable < service name> | close ⾃ start-up |

⽂ Pieces and ⽬ Recording operation

| Common commands | effect |

| ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |

| cd <⽬ Record the name> | Into the ⼊ Some ⽬ record |

| cd .. | Go back to your superiors ⽬ record |

| cd ../.. | Go back two levels ⽬ record |

| cd | Enter ⼈ Lord ⽬ record |

| cd - | Go back ⼀ The next step is ⽬ record |

| pwd | Show current path |

| ls | see ⽂ Pieces of ⽬ Record list |

| ls -F | see ⽬ Contents in the record （ Display is ⽂ It's still ⽬ record ） |

| ls -l | see ⽂ Pieces and ⽬ List of details recorded |

| ls -a | View hidden ⽂ Pieces of |

| ls -lh | see ⽂ Pieces and ⽬ List of details recorded （ enhance ⽂ Pieces of ⼤⼩ Readability ） |

| ls -lSr | see ⽂ Pieces and ⽬ Record list （ With ⽂ Pieces of ⼤⼩ View in ascending order ） |

| tree | see ⽂ Pieces and ⽬ Recorded tree structure |

| mkdir <⽬ Record the name> | establish ⽬ record |

| mkdir dir1 dir2 | Create two... At the same time ⽬ record |

| mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 | establish ⽬ Record the tree |

| rm -f file1 | Delete 'file1'⽂ Pieces of |

| rmdir dir1 | Delete 'dir1'⽬ record |

| rm -rf dir1 | Delete 'dir1'⽬ Record and its content |

| rm -rf dir1 dir2 | Delete both ⽬ Record and its content |

| mv olddir newdir | rename / Move ⽬ record |

| cp file1 file2 | Copy ⽂ Pieces of |

| cp dir/* . | Copy a ⽬ All recorded ⽂ Pieces of ⾄ At present ⽬ record |

| cp -a dir1 dir2 | Copy ⽬ record |

| cp -a /tmp/dir1 . | Copy ⼀ individual ⽬ record ⾄ At present ⽬ record |

| ln -s file1 link1 | Create a point ⽂ Pieces of /⽬ Recorded soft links |

| ln file1 lnk1 | Create a point ⽂ Pieces of /⽬ Recorded physical links |

| find / -name file1 | From the heel ⽬ Start searching ⽂ Pieces of /⽬ record |

| find / -user user1 | Search for ⽤ Household user1 Of ⽂ Pieces of /⽬ record |

| find /dir -name *.bin | stay ⽬ record /dir China search has .bin Suffix ⽂ Pieces of |

| locate < key word> | Rapid positioning ⽂ Pieces of |

| locate *.mp4 | seek .mp4 At the end of the ⽂ Pieces of |

| whereis < key word> | Show some ⼆ Base number ⽂ Pieces of / Enforceability ⾏⽂ The path of the piece |

| which < key word> | Find the system ⽬ Record some ⼆ Base number ⽂ Pieces of |

| chmod ugo+rwx dir1 | Set up ⽬ Record owner (u)、 group (g) And others ⼈(o) The reading of （r） Write (w) Of board ⾏(x) jurisdiction |

| chmod go-rwx dir1 | Remove group (g) And others ⼈(o) Yes ⽬ Recorded reading and writing ⾏ jurisdiction |

| chown user1 file1 | change ⽂ The owner attribute of the piece |

| chown -R user1 dir1 | change ⽬ The owner attribute of the record |

| chgrp group1 file1 | change ⽂ Piece group |

| chown user1:group1 file1 | change ⽂ All of the pieces ⼈ And groups |

⽂ View and process pieces

| Common commands | effect |

| ----------------------------- | --------------------------------------- |

| cat file1 | see ⽂ It's about |

| cat -n file1 | View the content and mark ⾏ Count |

| tac file1 | From last ⼀⾏ Start looking back ⽂ It's about |

| more file1 | more file1 |

| less file1 | similar more command , But reverse operation is allowed |

| head -2 file1 | see ⽂ The first two ⾏ |

| tail -2 file1 | see ⽂ The last two ⾏ |

| tail -f /log/msg | Live view added to ⽂ The contents of the document |

| grep codesheep hello.txt | stay ⽂ Pieces of hello.txt Search for keywords in codesheep |

| grep ^sheep hello.txt | stay ⽂ Pieces of hello.txt Find in sheep Content at the beginning |

| grep [0-9] hello.txt | choice hello.txt⽂ All items containing numbers in the document ⾏ |

| sed 's/s1/s2/g' hello.txt | take hello.txt⽂ Of the items s1 Replace with s2 |

| sed '/^$/d' hello.txt | from hello.txt⽂ Delete all empty items from the file ⽩⾏ |

| sed '/ *#/d; /^$/d' hello.txt | from hello.txt⽂ Delete all comments and empty ⽩⾏ |

| sed -e '1d' hello.txt | from ⽂ Pieces of hello.txt Exclude... From ⼀⾏ |

| sed -n '/s1/p' hello.txt | View contains only keywords "s1" Of ⾏ |

| sed -e 's/ *$//' hello.txt | Delete every ⼀⾏ The last empty ⽩ character |

| sed -e 's/s1//g' hello.txt | from ⽂ Delete only words from the file s1 And keep the rest |

| sed -n '1,5p;5q' hello.txt | Check out from page ⼀⾏ To the first 5⾏ Content |

| sed -n '5p;5q' hello.txt | Look at the first 5⾏ |

| paste file1 file2 | Merge two ⽂ One or two columns |

| paste -d '+' file1 file2 | Merge two ⽂ One or two columns , middle ⽤"+" distinguish |

| sort file1 file2 | Sort two ⽂ The content of the article |

| comm -1 file1 file2 | ⽐ Compare two ⽂ The content of the article ( Remove 'file1' What it contains ) |

| comm -2 file1 file2 | ⽐ Compare two ⽂ The content of the article ( Remove 'file2' What it contains |

| comm -3 file1 file2 | ⽐ Compare two ⽂ The content of the article ( Remove two ⽂ There are parts in total ) |

Packaging and decompression

| Common commands | effect |

| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ |

| zip xxx.zip file | Compress ⾄zip package |

| zip -r xxx.zip file1 file2 dir1 | Will be multiple ⽂ Pieces of +⽬ Record as zip package |

| unzip xxx.zip | decompression zip package |

| tar -cvf xxx.tar file | establish ⾮ Compress tar package |

| tar -cvf xxx.tar file1 file2 dir1 | Will be multiple ⽂ Pieces of +⽬ Recording and typing tar package |

| tar -tf xxx.tar | see tar The contents of the package |

| tar -xvf xxx.tar | decompression tar package |

| tar -xvf xxx.tar -C /dir | take tar Package decompression ⾄ Appoint ⽬ record |

| tar -cvfj xxx.tar.bz2 dir | establish bz2 Compressed package |

| tar -jxvf xxx.tar.bz2 | decompression bz2 Compressed package |

| tar -cvfz xxx.tar.gz dir | establish gzip Compressed package |

| tar -zxvf xxx.tar.gz | decompression gzip Compressed package |

| bunzip2 xxx.bz2 | decompression bz2 Compressed package |

| bzip2 filename | Compress ⽂ Pieces of |

| gunzip xxx.gz | decompression gzip Compressed package |

| gzip filename | Compress ⽂ Pieces of |

| gzip -9 filename | most ⼤ Degree of compression |

RPM Package management command

| Common commands | effect |

| ------------------------- | ----------------------------- |

| rpm -qa | View installed rpm package |

| rpm -q pkg_name | Query a rpm package |

| rpm -q --whatprovides xxx | Show xxx Which package provides the functionality |

| rpm -q --whatrequires xxx | Show xxx Which package does the function depend on |

| rpm -q --changelog xxx | Show xxx Record of package changes |

| rpm -qi pkg_name | see ⼀ Details of a package |

| rpm -qd pkg_name | Inquire about ⼀ A package provides ⽂ files |

| rpm -qc pkg_name | View installed rpm The configuration provided by the package ⽂ Pieces of |

| rpm -ql pkg_name | see ⼀ Which packages are installed ⽂ Pieces of |

| rpm -qf filename | View a certain ⽂ Which bag does this piece belong to |

| rpm -qR pkg_name | Query package dependencies |

| rpm -ivh xxx.rpm | install rpm package |

| rpm -ivh --test xxx.rpm | Test installation rpm package |

| rpm -ivh --nodeps xxx.rpm | install rpm Ignore dependencies when packaging |

| rpm -e xxx | Uninstall package |

| rpm -Fvh pkg_name | Upgrade to determine the installed rpm package |

| rpm -Uvh pkg_name | upgrade rpm package ( If not, it will be installed ) |

| rpm -V pkg_name | RPM Package details check |

YUM Package management command

| Common commands | effect |

| ----------------------------------- | -------------------- |

| yum repolist enabled | The display can ⽤ Source warehouse |

| yum search pkg_name | Search package |

| yum install pkg_name | Download and install the package |

| yum install --downloadonly pkg_name | only Next load No Ann loading |

| yum list | Show all packages |

| yum list installed | Check the packages installed on the current system |

| yum list updates | See the list of packages that can be updated |

| yum check-update | Check out the upgradeable packages |

| yum update | Update all packages |

| yum update pkg_name | Upgrade the specified package |

| yum deplist pkg_name | List package dependencies |

| yum remove pkg_name | Remove package |

| yum clean all | Clear cache |

| yum clean packages | Clear cached packages |

| yum clean headers | Clear cached header |

DPKG Package management command

| Common commands | effect |

| -------------------- | --------------------- |

| dpkg -c xxx.deb | List deb The contents of the package |

| dpkg -i xxx.deb | install / to update deb package |

| dpkg -r pkg_name | remove deb package |

| dpkg -P pkg_name | remove deb package ( Do not keep configuration ) |

| dpkg -l | Check that... Is installed in the system deb package |

| dpkg -l pkg_name | Displays the of the package ⼤ Message to |

| dpkg -L pkg_name | see deb Packages installed ⽂ Pieces of |

| dpkg -s pkg_name | View package details |

| dpkg –unpack xxx.deb | Untie deb The contents of the package |

APT Software ⼯ have

| Common commands | effect |

| ------------------------- | ---------------------- |

| apt-cache search pkg_name | Search for packages |

| apt-cache show pkg_name | Get an overview of the package |

| apt-get install pkg_name | install / Upgrade package |

| apt-get purge pkg_name | Uninstall software （ Including configuration ） |

| apt-get remove pkg_name | Uninstall software （ Not including configuration ） |

| apt-get update | Update package index information |

| apt-get upgrade | Update installed packages |

| apt-get clean | Clean cache |