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Alibaba P8 painstakingly sorted it out. Summary of APP UI automated testing ideas. Check it out

2022-07-03 16:27:00 【Programming simplicity】

First of all, I want to explain ,APP Automated testing may not be used by many companies , But also most automated test engineers 、 Senior Test Engineer position recruitment information requirements , So for better treatment , We still need time to master , After all, no one can be against money . Next , Let's sum up APP UI The idea of automated testing Well .

Develop language options

Commonly used programming languages for automated testing are ：Python、Java、Javascript、Ruby、C#、PHP etc. . Generally, we will choose our own familiar programming language to write automation scripts , But for programming, the basics are 0 Children's shoes （ Or children's shoes that focus on automated testing ）, Recommend learning to use Python.

Compared with other languages ,Python Doing automated testing has the following advantages ：

For beginners ,Python Grammatical simplicity , High readability , Easy to learn
There is a strong third-party library , Scripting is more efficient
Python Medium Pytest Automated testing framework is one of the most popular testing frameworks

Test framework selection

After selecting the development language , We need to choose UI The test framework . At present, the more mainstream or more used APP UI The automated testing framework has Appium、Airtest etc. .

1、Appium

Continuous maintenance and open source
Appium server Support in Windows、macOS、Linux Up operation
Support a variety of mainstream programming languages , Such as Python、Java、Javascript、Ruby etc.
Support Android、ios、H5 automated testing （ Integrated UiAutomator、UiAutomation frame ）
The environment is complex

2、Airtest

Developed by Netease ( Official documents ), Only support python Language
Provide integration Airtest And Poco The two test frameworks are powerful IDE, Friendly to novices
Integrated image recognition based UI Automated testing framework airtest, You can write automated scripts even if you don't understand the code
Cross platform , But for Windows、Android and iOS Application software for automated testing
Friendly to game testing
Airtest And Poco Essentially, python Two third-party libraries of , The test environment is not built Appium So complicated

3、 Choose the framework

Choose the right framework according to the actual situation . Netease can be preferred in the following situations Airtest (Airtest Official website )：

No programming foundation
Game testing
The test scenario is relatively single （Appium Relatively heavy ）
Alipay small program automation （ Bloggers currently use Airtest Integrated Poco Framework for Alipay small program automated testing ）

It is suggested that Appium：

The test scenario is complex （ If you need to test multiple mobile phones in batch ）
Testing scripting languages is not Python（Airtest Currently only supported Python）

Unit test framework selection

Different from the above UI The test framework , Unit test framework Used to load test cases 、 Execute test case 、 Assertion 、 Output test results etc. .

Different development languages have their own unit testing frameworks , Such as Java Yes JUnit、TestNG、Robot etc. ,Python Yes unittest、pytest etc. . Bloggers mainly use Python Do automated tests , So this is only for Python Unit testing framework .

python Mainstream unit testing framework ：

unittest,Python Built in unit test framework
pytest, be based on unittest Development , Easy to use , More details , There are many plug-ins
robot framework, be based on Python Keyword Driven Testing Framework for , There is an interface , Bring your own report and log, Functional perfection , Clear and beautiful

It is highly recommended to use pytest, Powerful and easy to use , The official document is in English , In Chinese, please refer to Pytest User manual ).

Test environment construction

1, Test computer selection

If possible, it is recommended to use Mac The machine is dedicated to UI automated testing , because ios app ui Automation can only be done in Mac On the machine .

2, Test the phone selection

When you start debugging test scripts, you can choose emulator ,Android The simulator can choose Gernymotion、 Night God Simulator , After the development of the whole test project is completed , It is suggested to run the automation script on the machine , This is closer to the real user scenarios .

3, Develop the language environment

Proposed installation python 3 Version above , Officials have stopped talking about python2 Version update maintenance .

4,UI Automatic test framework environment construction

windows Build... In the environment Appium Please refer to appium Environment building ,Mac The structures, Appium A little more complicated , We will share later . If choose Airtest Frame words , Please refer to the official website .

scripting

1、 Write tests demo

In order to verify whether the whole test environment is built successfully 、 Whether can run general example , Generally we need First write a simple test script and execute , The result shows that the whole environment is built successfully .

2、 Determine the directory structure

Recommended Page Object Design patterns to develop APP UI Automatic test items, please

3、 Select test report

Different development languages 、 Different test reports can be selected for different unit test frameworks . stay python in ,unittest Frame usage HTMLTestRunner or BSTestrunner Generate test reports ,Pytest Frame usage pytest-html Generate reports or through allure Custom test reports .

After the above steps are completed , Continue to add test cases to the test project .

Jenkins Integrate

According to the above steps to complete the whole app UI Automated test projects , And after a period of stable operation , We can consider Jenkins Integration of .

summary

summary APP UI Automation can be implemented in the following ways ：