[Day9 literature extensive reading] on the (a) symmetry between the perception of time and space in large-scale environments

Read the literature ：

Riemer, M., et al. (2018). "On the (a)symmetry between the perception of time and space in large-scale environments." hippocampus 28(8): 539-548.

Links to Literature ：https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hipo.22954

List of articles

• Abstract
• One 、 Preface
• Two 、 Experiment 1
• 3、 ... and 、 Experiment two
• Four 、 summary
• A little thought

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Abstract

About whether the relationship between time and space is symmetrical , This paper simulates 、 Explore in a large-scale virtual environment , obtain ：

Experiment 1 ： Within the time range of seconds supra-second, Interval perception and room size （ Space ） There is a symmetric relationship between ;

Experiment two ： There is an asymmetric relationship between the time and distance of stimulation , Space has a greater effect on time .

Based on recent studies in rodents, this paper points out that the hippocampus hippocampal Location and entorhinal reticular cells entorhinal grid cells The subset of can encode the discovery of space and time at the same time .

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One 、 Preface

1、 Previous studies on spatiotemporal interference mainly focused on small-scale environments and minimalist stimuli , Few have adopted a wide range of （ The reality we are in ） Environmental Science ; Even in studies based on a wider range of spatiotemporal disturbances , It mainly explores the influence of space on time , There is little research on the influence of time on space and whether the spatiotemporal interference is symmetrical .

2、 Some studies believe that the previous experimental paradigm on spatiotemporal interference , Lack of comparability between time and space mission conditions , Because time is more abstract , Relative space is more dependent on memory processing (Lambrechts et al. (2013)).

3、 This paper adopts the method with 3D Simulation scenario of depth clues , And the space size of the scene 、 Stimulate the movement distance and time to control , To make up for the lack of previous research .

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Two 、 Experiment 1

1、 Experimental design

30 Subjects participated in 3（ Room size , Small / in / Big ）×3（ Render duration ,2s/4s/6s）×2（ Task type , Space / Time replication ） In subject experiment design , The process is as follows ：

 2、 experimental result ：

（1） The information of the same dimension has a significant impact on the replication task （ Such as rendering duration vs. time replication task ）, There was no significant difference between the two tasks .

（2） Cross dimensional information also has a significant impact on replication tasks （ See above ）, Experiment 1 does not support the asymmetry of spatiotemporal interference .

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3、 ... and 、 Experiment two

1、 Experimental design

30 Subjects participated in 2（ Room size , Small / Big ）×2（ Stimulating movement distance ,10m/20m）×2（ Duration of stimulating exercise ,5s/10s）×2（ Task type , Space / Time replication ） In subject experiment design , The process is as follows ：

2、 experimental result

（1） Same as experiment 1 , The information of the same dimension has a significant impact on the replication task （ Such as rendering duration vs. time replication task ）, There was no significant difference between the two tasks .

（2） The judgment of the stimulus movement time is affected by its movement distance , On the contrary, it has no effect , Experiment 2 supports the asymmetry of spatiotemporal interference , Space has a greater impact on time . However, it is difficult to distinguish whether this effect is related to the faster speed associated with stimulating a longer distance in the same time .

（3） Room size has a significant negative effect on the stimulus distance (p<.001). And it tends to have a negative impact on the time of stimulating movement (p=.07), This result is contrary to experiment 1 （ The larger the room, the longer the stimulus appears ）, The reason may be ：

        1） For time tasks , The first experiment is to copy the length of room presentation （ How long did you stay in the room ）, The second experiment was to replicate the duration of stimulation , So in experiment two , The subjects were more dependent on the visible stimulus moving distance than the distance to the wall opposite the room imagined in Experiment 1 as a spatial cue to judge the duration ;

        2） Room size has a negative effect on the distance of stimulus movement , And there is a positive effect between the distance of stimulation and the time of stimulation , That is to say, in a smaller room, the subjects perceive a shorter stimulating distance , Thus, shorter duration of stimulus movement is obtained ;

        3） It is reasonable to think that the direct effect of room size on the duration of stimulation is positive , It is consistent with the conclusion of Experiment 1 , Because after superimposing the significant negative influence brought by the distance of stimulus movement , The original significant negative impact is offset by the small positive impact directly brought by the room size , Finally, the effect of room size on the duration of stimulation was negative .

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Four 、 summary

1、 When the space-time dimension is defined as the time and distance to stimulate autonomous motion （ Different aspects of the same movement ）, The spatiotemporal interference shows an asymmetric relationship , Space has a greater impact on time ; When spacetime is defined as the time and size of the environment （ The two are theoretically independent of each other ）, Spatiotemporal interference is shown as a symmetric relationship .

2、 The asymmetry of the interference between the stimulus movement time and distance found in Experiment 2 , It is consistent with the research results of spatial and temporal regulatory neurons in the hippocampus , It may be explained that the basic function of neuron system based on spatial and temporal processing results in , That is, space processing is prioritized to guide time processing . This result is similar to metaphor The theory is consistent （Day3 The literature ）.

3、 Based on the discovery that hippocampal location cells and entorhinal grid cells of rats can encode space and time , One possible explanation for the asymmetry of spatiotemporal interference is ： If location and grid cells can be activated by real or imagined space environment , And this system can also process time information , So when predicting time, it is possible to judge based on the obtained spatial information .

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A little thought

1、 As opposed to most using abstract shapes （ Dots in solid background 、 Line ） Provide spatial clues , This article uses 3D Scenes with depth clues , Relatively speaking, it is closer to real life , It is an experimental design idea that can be used for reference .

2、 Whether the space-time relationship is symmetrical , This article is not limited to the either or thinking mode to give a yes or no conclusion , But based on the experimental results , Two cases of symmetric or asymmetric space-time relations are given from different conditions . I think the idea of interpreting the experimental results is more open , It is worth learning from .

reference ：

Lambrechts, A., Walsh, V., & van Wassenhove, V. (2013). Evidence accumulation in the magnitude system. PLoS One, 8(12), e82122. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082122