Literature reading and writing

Some broken thoughts ： Time flies , It seems that I haven't done anything this semester , Last week, I listened to a senior brother's sharing about literature writing , It's not practical to reflect on your scientific research . This semester was basically spent in confusion , There is no progress in scientific research , Have fun for two weeks , You should stop thinking , We should settle down and continue to study , Just find a breakthrough .“ God helps those who help themselves ” This bowl of chicken soup , I'll do it first . Blog has been deserted for a long time , Today I want to write again , No longer blog like before , Just simply list the knowledge points , But add your own opinions . Before writing a blog , Particularly hollow , I don't want to look back myself （ In fact, I don't know where I came from “ Academic burden ”） Always unwilling to face their ignorance and stupidity frankly . Pay attention to these in the future , Be honest with yourself .

Fear of the infinite truth , One inch into an inch of joy .

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Catalog

One 、 The standard structure of English scientific papers

Two 、 Topic selection

3、 ... and 、 Several parts of Thesis Writing

1. Title

2. Introduction

3. Abstract

4. Results and discussion

5. Conclusion

6. The charts in the paper

Four 、 Preparation before writing a thesis

（ One ） Some considerations before writing

（ Two ） Actual writing steps

（ 3、 ... and ） Literature writing experience

5、 ... and 、 Reading literature

Introduction to the subject / How to start writing a small paper ？

Summary and reflection

Reference material

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One 、 The standard structure of English scientific papers

• Title   title
• Abstract   Abstract
• Introduction   introduction
• Methods  (or Procedure, Materials, etc)   Method
• Results and Discussion   Results and discussion
• Conclusions Conclusion
• Acknowledgments   thank
• References   reference
• Others (Appendix, Footnotes, etc.)   appendix / Footnotes, etc ......

Two 、 Topic selection

Topic selection , The importance of research should be determined , For example, the job belongs to “ Frontier exploration ” still “ Applied 、 Engineering type ”？

The innovation of the topic is mainly reflected in the following two points ：

1. Original type . No one has ever done this problem , therefore “ The first shot ” Is of great significance . For this kind of research , The advice is ： Don't go into too much detail , Strive to establish the basic framework first , Leave details to others to follow , This kind of work , It can often be cited and recognized by peers .
2. Improved .“ How to do better than our predecessors ？ Is to adopt new solutions ？ Or make a more detailed system ？ Or correct the mistakes of our predecessors ” Besides , You can also consider “ In what aspects has my research deepened the understanding of related fields ”.

If it is a study of Engineering Application , We should consider what effect the engineering application ultimately wants to achieve ？ In the process of achieving this effect , What innovative technologies have been adopted ？ Consider new applications of methods in different fields in other fields ,

After determining the general direction of research , All research points under the existing direction should be considered （ Or research process ）, Then attack point by point .

3、 ... and 、 Several parts of Thesis Writing

1. Title

• The basic principle of the title ： Use the least possible language , Accurately describe the content of the paper .
• The title should not be too general , Don't be vague , Or too cumbersome .
• The title should be appropriate and not too rigid , It should not be exaggerated , Sometimes it can be in the form of greeting .e.g. "Shall We Dance? How A Multicopper Oxidase Chooses Its Electron Transfer Partner"
• Avoid using useless words ,e.g. “A Study of ...", "Investigations of ...", "Observations on..."

2. Introduction

（1） The introduction should clearly state the purpose and significance of this study . The following questions should be answered ：

• Why do you engage in this research ？
• For this subject , People already know how ？ What problems exist at present ？
• For this subject （ The problem is ）, What are we going to do ？

（2） Common introductions include at least the following ：a. The theme and purpose of the thesis b.  Background of this work c.  Outline the main methods adopted in this paper .

（3） For long papers and papers involving some unusual content , Through the preliminary introduction of the introduction , Make it easier for readers to read this article , Guide readers to clearly understand the significance of the scientific achievements of this article 、 The method used in the experiment or theory and the plan of the paper to expand the point of view .

（4） For longer papers （ Such as dissertation ）, At the end of the introduction, the main achievements of this paper and the content planning of this paper are often briefly summarized （ Such as what is written in the part ）.

• The fundamental purpose of the introduction is to demonstrate the importance of this work .
• The most important thing in the introduction is coherence , Introduce the research background of this work 、 Start with the previous research progress , Naturally lead to the work we will do .
• Introduction to previous work , Don't simply list , Try to give more information （ Such as , Someone uses some method , What's the result , What's the problem ）, And summarize it in your own language .

（5） research contents （ Why do you do this job ？）

• Problems in this field / An urgent problem ？（ Research value ）
• After the problem is solved , What impact does it have on the development of this field ？ Or help with an application ？（ Emphasize the importance of the work done ）

（6） Research status （ How others solve this problem ？）

• How can current international scholars in the same field solve this problem ？
• To what extent have other people's methods developed ？ Is there any research value ？e.g. Algorithm accuracy 、 stability 、 Whether efficiency can be improved ？

（7） Research problem analysis （ Others have done , Why do we have to do ？）

• Problems in current research （ The foothold of the article ）
• Can't find the problem of others' methods , Only doing the work of realizing the function of the algorithm is basically repetitive work ！！！

3. Abstract

The summary includes ：

• background
• Problem analysis
• Method brief introduction
• Method expansion
• experimental result
• Conclusion

e.g. XXX In a certain field is the current research hot / Core issues , But by XXX influence , Existing methods exist XXX problem , Especially in XXX aspect . therefore , Yes XXX The research meeting of XXX Domain caused XXX influence （ Improve XXX precision / efficiency ）. This article is based on XXX Put forward XXX Method , It's solved XXX problem , The experimental results show that using this method can achieve XXX effect .

4. Results and discussion

• Take into account that the readers themselves have certain literacy on this issue , Therefore, we should compress some well-known arguments , Highlight new findings and perspectives in this work
• Have a serious scientific attitude , Draw a clear line between facts and reasoning , Personal opinions cannot be taken as facts
• experiment / The calculation results are abnormal in some ways , Can't explain , Although it does not affect the main points of the paper , It should also be explained in the paper
• The discussion should be organically combined with the results , Build the discussion on the results , Not groundless speculation , Nor should we make too many indirect inferences
• The following points should be included in the results and discussion ：

1. Through this work , What new phenomena and laws have been found ？
2. What conclusions can be drawn from the results of this paper ？
3. How do the results of this paper compare with the previous work ？
4. What is the error range of this work data and the shortcomings of this work ？
5. This work can bring theoretical and applied implication( influence )?
6. What is the direction of future work ？（ Plans and plans for further research ）

• Results and discussion , Echo the questions raised in the introduction ！

5. Conclusion

The conclusion must be complete 、 accuracy 、 distinct .

• The conclusion should consist of three parts ： summary 、 The future work 、 Conclusion
• The conclusion is not a simple repetition of the summary , You can't talk to each other copy

Abstract 、 introduction 、 Differences in conclusions ：

• Abstract ： brief 、 Raise questions , Refine and summarize the work of this paper
• introduction ： Any length , Introduce the research background , Briefly introduce the working idea , Can give the full text outline
• Conclusion ： Shorter , Briefly review the methods and research steps used in this work , This paper focuses on the main conclusions and new findings , Describe its scientific significance , And look forward to future work .

6. The charts in the paper

Characteristics of tables ： List available 、 operation 、 Specific numerical materials for comparison ;

The characteristics of graphs ： Show the interrelationship and change trend of various materials that are difficult to express in the table , Pictures are usually more illustrative than tables , It is more conducive to show the law .、

Precautions for using charts ：

• Prepare carefully Chart description （Figure/Table Caption), Every Caption It's independence （Self-containing） Of , Appropriate text descriptions and references should be added ;
• Don't use multiple methods at the same time （ chart 、 surface 、 written words ） Repeat the same set of data , You should choose the most appropriate way to present the experimental conclusions or data ;
• If you can use 1-2 A clear thing , You don't have to use charts ;
• The charts in the paper should be numbered one by one , Such as Figure 1, Table 1 etc. ;
• When necessary, , Use color pictures （ The online color pictures of many publications are free ）.

Four 、 Preparation before writing a thesis

（ One ） Some considerations before writing

According to the experimental results , First determine the theme of the article （ That is to say what story ）. Unless it's super long , An article can only tell a good story , Otherwise, it is easy to cause the focus to be not prominent , Unclear .

After determining the theme of the article , The length of the article should be weighed , It is usually divided into long essays and short essays ：

• Long article （Full Paper） There is no space limit , It can be elaborated comprehensively , But often too much content is difficult to control , If you don't write well, you will feel that the structure is scattered , The point is not prominent ;
• The passage （2-4 Page paper ） The advantage is short and sharp 、 An emphasis on , The workload of writing is relatively small , However, due to space limitations , It may make the topic of the article unclear
• In terms of space , If it is Word Double row , about 3 The left and right pages correspond to a printed page of the magazine , about 4 Page essay , The chart summary should not exceed 5 individual .

（ Two ） Actual writing steps

1. Prepare first outline , Determine the theme and length of this article , Main results to be included （ Express in a graphic way ）、 The main innovative conclusions put forward , How to organize content . The outline can be adjusted at any time during the writing process ;
2. Start with the introduction , Start with introducing the work of predecessors （ At this time, we began to consider which references to quote and the order of their appearance ）;
3. In turn “ introduction —— Method —— result —— Discuss ” Writing of each part ;
4. Finally, write the conclusion 、 Abstract , And rethink whether the title needs to be adjusted .

（ 3、 ... and ） Literature writing experience

1. A good scientific paper should have flesh and blood , Never write a dry experiment or calculation report ;（ Focus on the usual accumulation of knowledge , Including the mastery of literature , Deep thinking and thorough understanding of the scientific image behind the data ）;
2. A good scientific paper should echo before and after , With one , Do not become a simple pile of various parts , Let readers fail to see coherence and consistency ;
3. The perspective-taking ： Avoid unclear details , From the perspective of reviewers and readers , Go back and see if your article is clear ？ If you review this article yourself , What questions will be asked ？ What weaknesses do you think the article has ？

5、 ... and 、 Reading literature

1. extensive reading ： For all the retrieved literatures related to this topic , Read extensively first . The purpose of extensive reading ： Quickly understand the problems to be solved in each article 、 Experimental and theoretical methods adopted , The result etc. .
2. intensive reading ： After extensive reading , Find some documents that are most relevant to the current topic for intensive reading . Intensive reading needs to follow the author's ideas , In particular, we need to carefully read the introduction and the discussion of the results , Good article 、 Important articles are worth reading more , Read thoroughly until you understand . When you get started, you should carefully read several good documents .
3. To develop Write a Book Report The habit of , Cultivate your ability to summarize and synthesize , You can write a summary on this basis in the future .

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Introduction to the subject / How to start writing a small paper ？

1. How to promote research ？（ Project planning ）

• Comb in the general direction ： Consider what research content the subject contains ？ What are the problems that must be solved ？
• “ Break one by one ”—— （ Suggest ） First find the one with data support 、 Easy to break through ;
• Data is critical , Only with data can we make in-depth analysis of specific problems （ Combined with their own actual situation ）.

2. theoretical research （ fundamental research ） A top priority ！

The innovation of technology application type is mainly reflected in basic theoretical research - The core approach .

3. Standing on the shoulders of giants

Based on previous research , Most of the code does not need to be implemented by itself , Running through others' algorithms is a repetitive job ！

Only do “ The core ” Research , Be good at applying others' methods , But to Understand the nature of the problem （ Parameter setting 、 Threshold setting 、 Source of ideas ....）

Theory goes through - Experimental implementation - The result is beneficial = “ Little paper ”

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Summary and reflection

Last week we submitted a Literature Research Report , I know I write too much , So I have been nervous （ This time conscience “ pain ” 了 ）. This time, I smoothed out the writing and reading of the literature in a down-to-earth manner , I found that I did have many bad habits , For example, the way I read literature , Always read word for word , A waste of time ！ Always try to reproduce others' algorithms rather than compare and summarize them critically , Repetitive labor ！ A waste of time ！ So I spent a lot of time stepping on the pit this semester ！

For my own subject , First of all, I am more interested in 、 I think I can do it , Not resist , From this point on , I'm lucky ; secondly , General direction tutor gave me , The following research points 、 The specific research content needs to be determined by myself , But since I was too wet before , So take some more time , Do the literature research again , It's still far from going home during the winter vacation 20 God , this 20 Tian is relieved to do research in the research direction 、 Understanding the status quo , Think about your research ; Last , I want to believe in myself , I'm making progress bit by bit , Don't deny yourself easily ！ come on.

Reference material

Most of the content is referred to Mr. Chen's lecture , On this basis, some experience shared by senior students is added , A grateful heart ️

Attached with one CVer Shared literature reading method articles , Decided to use this method to learn to read literature , Develop a good habit .

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/mWDJ51q9N1YOROXLw-faug