Tips for using Jupiter notebook

Preface

For more convenient and fast use Jupyter Notebook, This article will introduce some related skills .

Related skills

Use the question mark to view information about the object

For all objects in the code , Include ： Variable 、 function 、 Method 、 modular 、 wait , Can be in the... Of an object front or Back add to One ?, To view information about the object .

def aaa():
	print('Hello World')

?aaa

The effect is as follows ：

For our Customize Function of , It can be found in the function name front or Back add to Two ?, such , The related information displayed will contain the function's Source code .

def aaa():
	print('Hello World')

aaa??

The effect is as follows ：

Execute with exclamation mark Shell command

In the use of Jupyter Notebook When writing code , Only need Shell Add a... Before the command !, You can go to notebook In the implementation of Shell command , There is no need to switch back and forth .

give an example ： View the current local network status ：

!ipconfig

The effect is as follows ：

In addition to executing Shell Besides the command , You can also assign the execution result to Python Variable ：

a = !ipconfig
print(a)
print(type(a))

About output

stay notebook When running code in a cell in , By default , In the cell The last line The value of is automatically output ：

def aaa():
	print('Hello World')
18

The output effect is shown in the figure below ：

If you don't want to automatically output the value of the last row in the cell , You can add a semicolon at the end of the last line ;

def aaa():
	print('Hello World')
18;

The output effect is shown in the figure below ：

stay At present notebook in , If you want cells to Every line The values of are automatically output , You can add the following code ：

from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
InteractiveShell.ast_node_interactivity = 'all'

The output effect is shown in the figure below ：

If you want to all Of notebook All of them are automatically output to cells Every line Value , You can modify or create ipython_config.py The configuration file .

File path ：

• Windows：C:\Users\ user name .ipython/profile_default/ipython_config.py
• MacOS：/Users/ user name /.ipython/profile_default/ipython_config.py
• Linux：/home/ user name /.ipython/profile_default/ipython_config.py

Open the configuration file and add the following code ：

c = get_config() 
c.InteractiveShell.ast_node_interactivity = "all"

Cross cell encoding

It should be noted that , stay notebook in ：

• The cells in the previous run will save the relevant variables to Memory in , So that the cells running later can Continue to use These variables
• close notebook After the page , Variables stored in memory Will not be lost
• If at present notebookShutdown or Restart 了 , Then all variables stored in memory will The loss of

Suggest ： By cell From top to bottom Write code in the order of and In turn, run Code , otherwise , Not only is it not readable , And it's easy to make mistakes .

Support Markdown grammar

Jupyter Notebook Support Markdown grammar , Adjust the cell to... In the drop-down option of the toolbar Markdown that will do .

About Markdown You can see the article about 《Markdown grammar 》

Here's a reminder , When inserting a picture , You can directly click... In the menu bar Edit, Click... In the open options Insert Image, This operation mode advantage yes ： Combine the picture with notebook Bind together , In the face of notebook There is no need to process the picture separately when moving or performing other operations ; shortcoming yes ：notebook The file gets bigger , Cannot control picture size .

Shortcut key

stay notebook There is Two kinds of cells , Respectively ：

• Code Cell ： To write code
• Markdown Cell ： Used to format plain text into rich text

Each cell has Two modes , Respectively ：

• Edit mode ： Press Esc Key or Click on the outside of the cell , Can switch to command mode
• Command mode ： Press Enter Key or Click inside the cell , You can switch to edit mode （ For the after run Markdown Cell , want Double click inside the cell , To switch to edit mode ）

Edit mode Next shortcut key ：

Shortcut key	function
Tab	Increase Indent （4 A space ）、 Code auto completion
Shift+Tab	Reduce indent （4 A space ）、 View information about the object
Ctrl+A（Command+A）	Future generations
Ctrl+Z（Command+Z）	revoke
Ctrl+Y（Shift+Command+Z）	recovery
Ctrl+/（Command+/）	notes 、 uncomment
Ctrl+D（Command+D）	Delete row
Ctrl+Home（Command+Home）	Jump to the beginning of the cell
Ctrl+End（Command+End）	Jump to the end of the cell
Esc	Exit edit mode and enter command mode
Ctrl+S（Command+S）	Save and update the log point file
↑	Move the cursor up
↓	Move the cursor down
Ctrl+Enter	Run the current cell
Shift+Enter	Run the current cell , And select the lower cell （ If there is no cell below , Then a cell will be automatically inserted below and selected ）
Alt+Enter（Option+Enter）	Run the current cell , Automatically insert a cell below and select

Command mode Next shortcut key ：

Shortcut key	function
↑	Select the upper cell
↓	Select the lower cell
Shift+↑	Expand to select the upper cell
Shift+↓	Expand the selected lower cell
A	Insert a cell above
B	Insert a cell below
M	take Code Cells are converted to Markdown Cell
Y	take Markdown Cells are converted to Code Cell
S	Save and update the log point file
Press twice in a row D	Delete the selected cell
Z	Undo the deletion of cells
F	Find and replace
X	Cut the selected cells
C	Copy selected cells
V	Paste cells below
Shift+V	Paste cells above
Enter	Exit command mode and enter edit mode
Ctrl+Enter	Run the selected cell
Shift+Enter	Run the selected cell , And select the lower cell （ If there is no cell below , Then a cell will be automatically inserted below and selected ）
Alt+Enter（Option+Enter）	Run the selected cell , Automatically insert a cell below and select

Extension set nbextensions

Extension set nbextensions Contains a series of very easy-to-use plug-ins , Thus, it can greatly expand Jupyter Notebook The function of , And enhance Jupyter Notebook Interactive experience .

setup script ：

1. Install third party libraries jupyter_nbextensions_configurator

It is jupyter notebook Configurator for extension set .

pip Installation command ：

pip install jupyter_nbextensions_configurator

conda Installation command ：

conda install jupyter_nbextensions_configurator

2. Boot Configurator

Start command ：

jupyter nbextensions_configurator enable --user

Start at this time jupyter notebook, You will find an extra menu named Nbextensions The tab of .

3. Install third party libraries jupyter_contrib_nbextensions

It is jupyter notebook Set of extensions for .

pip Installation command ：

pip install jupyter_contrib_nbextensions

conda Installation command ：

conda install jupyter_contrib_nbextensions

3. Install related files

So that you can pass the 2 Step enabled configurator , Right. 3 Step to access the installed extension set .

Installation command ：

jupyter contrib nbextension install --user

You will see , stay Nbextensions Many plug-ins are displayed in the configurator of this tab , Click the small box at the top left of the page , Tick off the right , All the plug-ins have become available , It can be used as needed .

nbextensions Medium Common plug-ins ：

The plugin name	function	remarks
Hinterland（ Code hinting ）	Each letter entered , The menu of automatic code completion will pop up
Codefolding（ Code folding ）	Yes Code The code in the cell adds the function of folding
Collapsible Headings（ Collapsible title ）	Collapse cells by title
Table of Contents（ A table of contents ）	Display all the titles in a floating window and a navigation menu
Autopep8（ Automatically pep8）	according to pep8 Specification pair of Code In a cell Python Format the code	Need to install autopep8 This third-party library . pip Installation command ：pip install autopep8 conda Installation command ：conda install autopep8
Code prettify（ Code beautification ）	format Jupyter Notebook Code for all supported programming languages	Before formatting code for a programming language , First, you need to install the corresponding third-party library or package , To format Python Code , You need to install yapf This Google Open source third-party libraries . pip Installation command ：pip install yapf conda Installation command ：conda install yapf
Code Font Size（ Code font size ）	On the toolbar , Provide buttons to increase and decrease the code font
ExecuteTime（ execution time ）	In the process of execution , It will show when the execution starts ; After execution , The execution duration and the time at which the execution ends will be displayed
AutoSaveTime（ Auto save time ）	Set up notebook Auto save interval	notebook When automatically saved , The corresponding log point file will not change
highlighter（ Highlight the tool ）	Yes Markdown Highlight the text in the cell
Live Markdown Preview（ real time Markdown preview ）	stay Markdown Preview the running results in real time at the bottom of the cell
Tree Filter（ File tree filter ）	stay Files Tab , Just enter the keywords , You can filter the following files and folders

Export to pdf file

Here are two types of export pdf file Methods ：

** Method 1 ：** Use the menu to export .

Click on File tab , choice Download as, choice Markdown(.md), Export the file first as .md Format , Reuse Typora open , And exported as pdf file .

** Method 2 ：** Use the command to export （ need Pandoc and XeLatex Support ）.

First installation Pandoc：

pip install pandoc

install MikTex：

The official website link is thrown here ：https://miktex.org/download

The installation process is simple , All the way Next, No more details here .（ After installation cmd Test it xelatex Can you use ）

Click on File tab , choice Download as, choice LaTeX(.tex), Export the file first as .tex Format , In order to make the exported file display Chinese normally , Open the file （ I use Sublime Text 3）, Find the code \documentclass[11pt]{article}, Add the following code after ：

\usepackage{fontspec, xunicode, xltxtra}
\setmainfont{Microsoft YaHei}
\usepackage{ctex}

Get into .tex file In the directory , Open the command prompt window , Input ：

xelatex yourNotebookName.tex

If it's the first run , A large number of dependent files will be installed , choice Install that will do （ It's a long process ）.

（ You can uncheck the pop-up box , Make it automatically install all required dependencies ）

At the end of the run , You will find that the directory has been generated pdf file .

The second method produces pdf file , Better than method 1 .

Conclusion

There are many practical skills , For the time being, I can't use it , There is no summary , There will be time to continue to add .