Zhao Fuquan: to ensure supply in the short term, we should build a safe, efficient and resilient supply chain in the long term

“ Last year's core shortage , This year is likely to be a lack of core 、 Less electricity , There may be new situations next year , So the supply chain problem will be a huge challenge for the whole automobile industry in the future , This is not just the automobile industry itself , It is a huge challenge that the whole country and even the whole world have to face .”

6 month 28 Japan , Professor, School of vehicle and transportation, Tsinghua University 、 Zhao Fuquan, President of the automotive industry and Technology Strategy Research Institute, is 2022 It was said at the main forum of the China Automotive Supply Chain Conference and the first China new energy intelligent network automotive ecosystem Conference ,“ Supply chain and automobile power ” It's a platitude , But today it has been given a new meaning .

As an observer and participant of China's automobile industry for many years , Zhao Fuquan has participated for many years “ a leader in manufacturing ” Research on projects and topics , After years of combing and research , A multi-level index system that can quantitatively evaluate the strength of a national automobile industry has been established .

In his opinion , There are three important signs of a powerful automobile country ： First, it has a world-class local vehicle enterprise ; Second, it has local enterprises 、 Master the complete supply chain system of key technologies ; Third, it is scientific 、 Stable 、 A unified legal management system for the automobile industry .

From the second point of view , Parts and components are as important as the whole vehicle , Both of them are an indispensable part of the connotation of a powerful automobile country ： There is no parts industry , There is no automobile industry ; And the parts industry is strong , The automobile industry will be strong .

“ We used to think that ‘ Supply meets demand ’, I'm Party A , How could you not sell me ？ Now the vehicle enterprise is not Party A , It's hard to say .” Zhao Fuquan said , from “ Supply meets demand ” To “ In short supply ”, One word difference , The difference between heaven and earth . Ensuring supply is the current political task , It is the foundation of economic development , It is also the complex international situation we are facing , Can you break through the support of the encirclement . therefore , We must re-examine the importance and strategic value of the supply chain .

Only hardware is a walking corpse , Only software is a ghost

For the problems exposed in the supply chain last year , Zhaofuquan said , On the surface, it is the epidemic and other reasons that lead to the suspension of enterprises , But there are two deeper reasons ： The first is the international situation . Certainty will become a “ new normal ” Multi level world , The regionalization policies that countries may adopt , For the automobile, a big global industry , The impact is the greatest .

The second is the reconstruction of the automobile industry . The so-called "new four modernizations of automobile" , The core issue is the transformation of production factors from hardware to software , In the future, data will be the new largest factor of production . This will change the whole industry dramatically , The car of the future must have hardware , And software ; Software is a means of using data as a factor of production , That is, productivity . thus , The whole auto industry will be completely different from before , Become alive 、 An industry that can evolve itself .

“ Only hardware is a walking corpse , Only software is a ghost , Hardware and software add up , That is the sublimation of the soul .” Zhao Fuquan said that the concept of parts has been inaccurate , It should be called supply chain , There is traditional hardware , New hardware , And software , It also includes content 、 Service etc. , Otherwise, the auto industry ecology will not work .

meanwhile , The traditional supply chain emphasizes efficiency 、 Speed 、 supply commodity 、 The management mode of logistics , Innovation and breakthroughs are also needed . He said , It is necessary to completely change the original supply chain management and control mode that only pursues efficiency and cost , Future security must be a central consideration .

You can't call an electric car , Nor can it be called intelligence , It should be called a new car

“ under these circumstances , We think about how the supply chain will develop in the future , First of all, we must think about how the automobile industry will develop in the future .” Zhao Fuquan believes , Cars in the future cannot be called electric cars , Nor can it be called intelligence , It should be called a new car . The new car is based on data 、 scene , And rely on Ecological , It must be personalized , With self evolving vitality .

data 、 Scene and ecology , They are all regional , Therefore, the development of automotive products in the future , Including the user's operation , Must be fully localized . Foreign funded enterprises must make new localization in China , Not just the localization of manufacturing , It also includes the localization of R & D 、 Localization of operation 、 Localization of user operation .

Zhaofuquan said , China has a big market , There is a huge amount of data , Have a strong ICT Enterprises , There are more intelligent consumers , There is also capital , So the Chinese market will lead the development of global automobile in the future . This is a great opportunity for Chinese enterprises , We should have a foothold in China's big market , Do it well , Lay a good foundation for occupying the world market .“ future , The automobile industry is the largest carrier for the interconnection of all things , Will become the mother ecosystem . The key depends on whether the supply chain can fulfill its due mission .”

To solve the problem of supply chain, we must address both the symptoms and root causes

At the same time, several issues concerned by the industry , Zhao Fuquan also gave his own answer . The first is the famous soul battle in the industry , What is the soul of the future car ？ He thinks that , New integration capabilities based on new hardware and new software , It is the key to the vehicle enterprises ; second , The supplier selection strategy should be changed ; Third, product development should be changed , Establish regional 、 Hard and soft 、 Supply chain system under ecological coordination .

He put forward , In an uncertain world , First, we should really establish a new safety chain , Grasp the balance , In the past, we overemphasized cost and efficiency , Ignoring the safety and resilience of the supply chain . meanwhile , The whole vehicle and key suppliers must be deeply bound , Joint development 、 Data sharing . Besides , Some high-risk hardware needs one product with multiple poles , In the future, we should proceed from the international situation , Different factories should be set up in different places for the same product , Or use different suppliers in different places , The high-risk components are combined in key markets in many places .

The second is to establish an agile supply chain , The whole supply enterprise should become a community of common destiny . Vehicle enterprises' control over the supply chain , It should be based on the scientific prediction of the supply chain . The most important thing is to get through the production, supply and marketing of internal resources , Implementing digital transformation ; On this basis, it should be integrated with the outside , Make full use of internal and external resources .

Third , We should rebuild the theory of supply chain management . The original supply chain theory , Including costs 、 efficiency 、 quality 、 logistics 、 Storage and other elements are still important , But new elements must be added , Around the international situation 、 Regional markets 、 Industrial reconstruction 、 Technology ecology and product iteration , Put it all together .

Zhao Fuquan said , To solve the problem of supply chain, we must address both the symptoms and root causes . Short term solution “ Guarantee supply ” The problem of , In the long run, we should speed up the integration of software and hardware 、 Strength and toughness 、 High security , At the same time, it also takes into account the efficiency and cost of the supply chain , This should be one of the biggest strategies of the state and enterprises . In particular, we should abandon that “ There will be a way to get there ” The wrong idea of , We should strive to achieve the long-term stability of the supply chain system .

“ This requires both industrial practice and theoretical innovation , In multipoint supply and community of common destiny , Order management and internal and external resource linkage , Core technology control and development ecology , And high efficiency 、 Low cost and high safety 、 Between strength and toughness , Find the most reasonable balance .” Zhao Fuquan concluded .