Analysis of gas fee setting under eip1559

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EIP1559 Under the GAS Fee setting analysis

EIP1559 Yes gas The fee collection mechanism has been adjusted , Compared to the previous plan , This new mechanism is more complicated . In order to pay less gas fee （ Especially for students who need to trade ）, It's still worth studying .

Max priority fee and Max fee

Compared with the previous scheme ,EIP1559 take gasPrice Split up , Turned into Max priority fee and Max fee. Understand the reason for doing this , Must understand EIP1559 Next new GAS Fee collection mechanism .

• stay EIP1559 Before , Miners will not only get rewards for digging new blocks , You will also get all transaction fees in this block . User specified for a transaction gasPrice * gasUsed Will give it all to the miners , As an extra bonus .

• stay EIP1559 after , Ethereum system specifies a Base fee, All transactions will burn up in Base fee * gasUsed Of ETH, Only Max priority fee * gasUsed As a reward to the miners . If the user specifies Max fee > Base fee + Max priority fee, The extra part will be returned to the user . If Max fee > Base fee however Max fee < Base fee + Max priority fee, Miners may also package deals , So as to obtain partial priority fee Reward .

So the user is choosing Max fee when , In fact, we should also consider Base fee and Max priority fee These two expenses .

Base fee

stay EIP1559 Before , On the blockchain gas Fee is made by miners , This is decided by the whole group , They can choose to just pack gasPrice Expensive transactions, so that users have to pay more gas fee . And in the EIP1559 after , On the blockchain gas The fee is completely determined by Ethereum system , And the price determined by Ethereum system is Base fee.

• Decide on Ethereum system Base Fee There's only one factor that matters , It was packed in the previous block gas limit Whether it is used more than half . If more than half , Just upgrade the next block Base Fee, At most 12.5%; If not more than half , Just reduce the next block Base Fee, Maximum reduction 12.5%.

You can see , stay EIP1559 Under the rules of , The miners lost their right gas Pricing power of fees ： If they only pack a small amount of high gas The transaction results in less than half of the block capacity , Ethereum system will be reduced Base fee, Reduce the user's use cost .（ In fact, EIP1559 Do this under the rules , It's not good for miners ）

EIP1559 The choice of miners

For some students who run trading , It's not important gas How much does it cost , But how to run ahead of your opponent , Next we will talk about in EIP1559 The game under the rules .

• For miners , How many transactions are set Max fee It doesn't matter , Because miners can't get direct benefits from this . It is important to , How much can he get from this deal ：Min( Max fee - Base fee, Max priority fee), Here's a chestnut ：

  • The next block is known Base fee by 30. In a counterparty transaction ,Max fee by 32,Max priority fee by 2, Your deal Max fee by 35 , Max priority fee by 1, In this case, can your transaction be packaged by miners first ？ Although it seems that your transaction pays gas more , But in fact, miners will give priority to the transactions of their opponents . Because miners can extract from the transactions of their counterparts Min( 32 - 30, 2) = 2 The value of , And you can only extract from your transaction Min( 35 - 30, 1) = 1 The value of .

• There is another special case , at present EIP1559 Next block gas limit by 3000 ten thousand , If your deal gas limit Too much （ such as 1000 ten thousand ） And the value that miners can extract from it is not enough , Miners will also not abandon other transactions with high extractable value for you . therefore gas limit Low birth is an advantage .

The above is for EIP1559 Under the GAS Fee setting analysis , Welcome to discuss the supplementary content with me .