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Network communication model -- Network OSI tcp/ip layering
2022-07-05 07:54:00 【Soy sauce;】
1.osi
1. The physical layer : The main definition of physical equipment standards , Such as the interface type of network cable 、 Interface type of optical fiber 、 Transmission rate of various transmission media, etc . Its main function is to transmit bitstreams ( Is the 1、0 It's converted into current to transmit , After arriving at the destination, it will be transformed into 1、0, That is to say, we often talk about analog-to-digital conversion and analog-to-digital conversion ). The data in this layer is called bit .
2. Data link layer : Defines how formatted data is transmitted in frames , And how to control access to physical media . This layer also usually provides error detection and correction , To ensure the reliable transmission of data . Such as : Used in serial communication 115200、8、N、1
3. The network layer : Provides connectivity and path selection between two host systems in a network in different geographic locations .Internet With the development of Internet, the number of users accessing information from all sites in the world has increased greatly , And the network layer is the layer that manages this kind of connection .
4. Transport layer : Some protocols and port numbers for data transmission are defined (WWW port 80 etc. ), Such as :TCP( Transmission control protocol , Low transmission efficiency , High reliability , High requirements for transmission reliability , A large amount of data ),UDP( User datagram protocol , And TCP The opposite is true , The requirements for transmission reliability are not high , A small amount of data , Such as QQ Chat data is transmitted in this way ). It is mainly to segment and transmit the data received from the lower layer , Arrive at the destination address and recombine . This layer of data is often called segment .
5. The session layer : Through transport layer ( Port number : Transmission port and receiving port ) To establish a path for data transmission . It is mainly used to initiate or accept session requests between your systems ( Equipment needs to know each other can be IP It can also be MAC Or the host name ).
6. The presentation layer : It can ensure that the information sent by the application layer of one system can be read by the application layer of another system . for example ,PC Program communicates with another computer , One of the computers uses the extended binary decimal interchange code (EBCDIC), The other uses the American Standard Code for information exchange (ASCII) To represent the same characters . If necessary, , The presentation layer will use a common format to achieve the conversion between multiple data formats .
7. application layer : Is the closest to the user OSI layer . This layer is the user's Application ( Like E-mail 、 File transfer and terminal emulation ) Provide network services .
Hair : From the top down
closed : From bottom to top
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