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非易失性MRAM存储器应用于各级高速缓存
2020-11-06 22:00:00 【IPSILOG】
磁阻式随机存储器MRAM是一种新型存储器,其优点有读取速度快和集成度高及非挥发性等。目前许多研究主要是致力于将MRAM运用于计算机存储系统中。同时非易失性MRAM存储器也应用于各级高速缓存。
MRAM替代SRAM做L2高速缓存
首先比较具有同样面积的MRAM和SRAM。直接用相同面积的MRAM替换SRAM作L2高速缓存能降低错误率。但是写入延时较长。当写入操作强度高时,错误率降低的优势会被长延时所抵消导致性能下降。虽然这种直接替代能大大降低漏功耗,但当写入密集时,动态功耗显著增加,使减少能耗的效果变差。若直接用相同面积的MRAM替代sram ,在写入操作较密集时,其写入长延时和高能耗等缺点会抵消其优势。
MRAM作为L3高速缓存
L2容量过大会增加存取延时所以不适用。在存储体系中增加一级L3高速缓存的可行性。研究者计算出一个128MB,4-banks,16-way,256-byte block的高速缓存面积只有161mm2,适合堆叠在目前的处理器上。时间模型表明其延时只有15.82ns,远少于存储器平均存取时间。在不同的情况下的IPC速度增加了0.03%到108%。对L2高速缓存错误率较高的情况有很大改进。并且这种改进只需要增加0.4W的功耗。
MRAM用作主存
有关研究已证明片上堆叠DRAM存储器的可行性。与DRAM相比的MRAM不需要周期性刷新。但是目前还是DRAM的集成度最高。目前堆叠DRAM技术的性能提高为19%(对于整数)和40%(对于浮点数)。我们有理由相信堆叠MRAM技术因其具有更短的延时而会有更好的表现。
虽然MRAM低功耗的特点使其能够实现多层堆叠而不用担心温度方面的问题,但是延时会增加,而且堆叠层数过多会导致成品率下降。因此目前的MRAM技术要应用于主存储器还不够成熟(因为其容量不够大) ,但是可以用于对低功耗有特殊要求的嵌入式设备。
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https://my.oschina.net/u/4542041/blog/4704417
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