Learning robots have no way to start? Let me show you the current hot research directions of robots

Preface

21 Emerging technologies in the 21st century are like stars , They burst out in all fields, blooming their own light , For those of us who control the industry , Of course, more attention should be paid to the development of robots in the future . In this year's 1 month , China's Ministry of industry and information technology and other departments jointly issued 《 the 14th Five-Year Plan ” Robot industry development plan 》, Propose technological breakthroughs 、 Expand applications 、 Build ecology and other dimensions to promote the high-quality development of the robot industry . Experts say , The robot industry is an important symbol to measure the level of scientific and technological innovation and high-end manufacturing in a country , It is also the key carrier to realize intelligent manufacturing . stay 《 planning 》 Under the guidance of , To 2025 year , China is expected to become the source of global robot technology innovation 、 High end manufacturing cluster and new highland of integrated application . By 2021 year , China has been in a row 8 In, it became the world's largest consumer of industrial robots , Not only because we are in a hot era of robotics , It is also for his dream of omnipotence of robots in childhood , Deep learning and mastering robots are our small and great hope .

From a personal perspective , The research direction of robots in the future can be mainly divided into the following four parts , The direction of artificial intelligence with vision technology as the core , Special work robot , System integration, large-scale application of robots and the development of human-machine cooperation technology , Here is a brief description from these four aspects .

One 、 Robots and artificial intelligence

For robots , Just as it got away from the basic major , More is the concept of Automation , It is used to complete the target tasks specified by human , But such a robot is only a kind of human “ extension ”, With the development of artificial intelligence technology in the new century , Especially in the field of vision , The intelligent level of robots is constantly improving , Coupled with the development of big data technology and high-level communication technology , The field of intelligent robots continues to expand .

• Sensitive tactile technology —— Robot skin

Sensitive tactile technology refers to the use of new tactile sensors based on electricity and particle tactile technology , It can make robots understand the shape of objects 、 Texture and hardness are more sensitive , Ultimately competent for medical 、 Exploration and a series of complex work . Through the accurate acquisition and processing of sensor data , Complete the target task . stay 2021 year , The City University of Hong Kong team has developed a highly sensitive array of tactile sensors , Comparable to human skin touch , The research results are published in academic journals 《 science ． Robotics 》, Titled “ Flexible magnetized skin with external force self decoupling tactile super-resolution ”.

• Emotion recognition technology —— Robot Psychology

I believe you all know the concept of cyberpunk recently , Just like the classic movie 《 Silver wing killer 》 The main melody in , Robot emotion has always been an important aspect of human beings , Recognize and interpret human facial expressions , It is the first step to make robots understand human beings and further generate feelings . Emotional computing is essentially , It is a typical pattern recognition problem . Intelligent machines use a variety of sensors , Get people's expressions 、 Posture 、 gesture 、 voice 、 intonation 、 Blood pressure 、 Heart rate and other data , Combined with the environment at that time 、 context 、 Context information such as context , Recognize and understand human emotions . Robots get human like observations 、 understand 、 reaction capacity , Finally, it can be applied to robot assisted medical rehabilitation 、 Criminal investigation, identification and other fields .

• Autonomous driving technology —— Robot driving

For autonomous driving , In fact, it is unreasonable to strictly put it in this field , The essence of driverless must not be artificial intelligence , But the combination of mechanism and artificial intelligence is undoubtedly the focus of current research , For data processing and prediction Planning , Of course, artificial intelligence is indispensable . The application of automatic driving technology can provide automation for mankind 、 Intelligent loading and transportation tools , And extended to road condition test 、 National defense, military security and other fields .

Two 、 Special robots

Special robots , It mainly refers to bionic robots and robots working in special environments , In order to meet human needs under special conditions , In recent years, whether quadruped robots 、 Unmanned aerial vehicles and those special industrial robots have made great progress . With the rise of domestic demographic dividend and production costs , This kind of market is gradually emerging . Here are some specific examples .

• Micro robot ：

The robot in the figure below is called HAMR-JR, The shape is inspired by cockroaches , The tiny body uses various micro mechanical motion technologies , It has become one of the most dexterous micro robots so far . Can run , jumping , Carry heavy objects and carry dimes . Micro robots have a wide range of applications , It can be used for navigation 、 Agriculture 、 signal communication 、 Aerospace 、 Family and medical care . for example ： Drop thousands of micro robots to chew shellfish and moss on the bottom of the ship , It can save navigation energy ; Thousands of micro robots are scattered in the crop fields , Let them kill pests , Reduce the damage of agriculture and make it have a good harvest ; Flying micro robot carries hygrometer and infrared sensor to fly in the field , When drought is found in farmland , It landed on the valve of the irrigation system , Transmit drought information to the sensor , Open the valve , Quantitative irrigation of farmland .

• Explosive disposal robot ：

The robot in the figure below is a new type of explosive disposal robot practiced by a group army , Under the remote control of the operator, it can quickly cross the designated place , Complete the destruction of explosives after judging different objects , It can replace some manual operations in some environments . Even now , In many war-torn countries in the world , Unexploded ordnance is scattered everywhere . for example , Kuwait after the Gulf War , It's like an ammunition depot that may explode at any time . In the area of more than 10000 square kilometers along the border of Iraq and Kuwait , Yes 16 Made in countries 25 Ten thousand mines ,85 Ten thousand shells , And the mines and submunitions dropped by the multinational force 2500 Ten thousand bullets , At least some of them 20% There was no explosion . There are even unexploded bombs and mines left in World War I and World War II in many countries . The application prospect of explosive disposal robot is very broad .

• Digging robot ：

In the picture below is NASA Adopted RASSOR The detector , It is used for some valuable resources on the surface of other outer planets, such as water 、 oxygen 、 Excavate and mine rocket propulsion fuel , Realize human needs on alien planets . For the application of mining robot , In this year's 1 month , The mining robot based on man-machine cooperation technology released by Zoomlion , More shocking , Applied artificial intelligence 、 Intelligent control technology and other advanced technologies , Let the excavator not only communicate and interact with operators 、 Automatic operation , Be able to understand gesture instructions 、 Understand voice instructions 、 Perform actions automatically and accurately .

• software robots ：

Research and development of robots using flexible materials 、 Design and manufacture . Flexible materials can change their shape arbitrarily in a large range , It is different from the traditional robot motor drive , The driving mode of soft robot mainly depends on the intelligent materials used , It can go to the set goal under people's instructions , Bear the weight with a small body , Read the steep slope , It can be used normally in cold or heat . During pipeline fault inspection 、 Medical diagnosis 、 The field of investigation and detection has broad application prospects ;

3、 ... and 、 Large scale application under the integration of Intelligent Manufacturing Systems

“ Intelligent manufacturing ”, It is also a hot field in the new era , And because the scale of production is often very huge , Many enterprises such as manufacturing industry need to consider system integration . Due to cost-effectiveness and technical problems , The robot application under intelligent manufacturing also focuses on the application of a certain link , It will not start from the overall production , For large-scale robot integration and collaborative scheduling , Undoubtedly, it is a very important aspect .

• Robot cloud service technology ：

Robot cloud service technology refers to the robot itself as an execution terminal , Storage and computing through the cloud , Immediate response to requirements and implementation functions , Effectively realize data exchange and knowledge sharing , Provide users with unlimited expansion 、 New robot service mode for on-demand use . Cloud robot （Cloud Robotics）, Try to call functions such as cloud computing and cloud storage , Provide services for robot systems by integrating infrastructure and shared services . When connected to the cloud , Robots can benefit from the powerful computing provided by cloud servers 、 Storage and communication resources , Processing and sharing from various robots or agents （ Other machines 、 Intelligent objects 、 Human beings, etc ） Information about . Users can also use terminals （ Such as mobile phone app、 The computer web Or computer client ） Interact with cloud robot system , And delegate the task to the robot remotely . Cloud computing technology enables robot systems to have powerful capabilities , At the same time, reduce costs through cloud technology .

• Multi robot system communication technology ：

The control of multiple robots involves the queue management algorithm of multiple robots , Tasks need to be assigned to multiple systems , Perform tasks efficiently and complete scheduling management , This aspect of technology often needs to cooperate with path planning 、 Many technologies such as task scheduling and conflict resolution are used , It is necessary for large-scale robot production workshop .

Four 、 Man machine collaboration technology

On the one hand, with the development of Technology , People begin to think that simple robots are unreasonable , At present, the best choice is man-machine cooperation , It can greatly improve production efficiency and quality , The core technology of artificial intelligence that enriches the creativity of human society , As an industrial innovation to realize the whole society 、 The key factor to enhance national competitiveness , Was given high attention .

• Myoelectric control technology ：

Myoelectric control technology uses the surface myoelectric signal of human upper limb to control the robot arm , In remote control 、 Medical rehabilitation and other fields have a wide range of applications . Above is a computer association model developed by MIT , The EMG signal is decoded by algorithm and associated with the grip type , Thus, the pneumatic system is controlled to control the artificial limb .

• Brain computer interface technology ：

Brain computer interface technology ：BCI, The meaning is to establish direct central information interaction between human and computer ., It refers to the collection of electrical activities and characteristic signals of the nervous system 、 Identify and transform , It enables the instructions from the human brain to be transmitted directly to the designated machine terminal , It can be applied to the rehabilitation of the disabled 、 Disaster relief and entertainment experience . stay 2021 year 4 Month musk showed the world the scene of monkeys playing table tennis , A quiet revolution in the field of disruptive innovation technology is about to begin .

• The future of human-computer collaboration

For man-machine collaboration technology , It is also facing challenges and progress , From the gradual complication of human creation tools , And then to the gradual intellectualization of robots , There are different opinions about the future of man-machine relationship . A mainstream idea here is “ Man machine symbiosis ”, Let human beings face up to their talents , Achieve man-machine co creation , Whether in recent years AI Composing music 、AI Writing poetry or AI painting , Are proving this . Return to the creator's mission , Equipment to create the necessary heart 、 eye 、 brain 、 hand , To see, to love, to experience . Knowledge can be learned , But wisdom is more an experience . Regard technology as a partner and rival , To act , To test , To create .

summary

notes ： This article refers to Zhihu answer ： Research hotspot in robot field And Robot frontier technology

This blog focuses on four aspects , That is, the direction of artificial intelligence with visual technology as the core , Special work robot , The scale application of system integration robot and the development of man-machine cooperation technology , The mainstream research direction of robots is introduced , Some core technologies and application examples are given , It aims to sort out the research branches of robot technology , Clarify ideas for future robot system learning , The next blog will start with the first step of robot development , Build a model and start , Coming soon .