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Learning robots have no way to start? Let me show you the current hot research directions of robots
2022-07-05 20:57:00 【Life is like Zhaoxu】
Preface
21 Emerging technologies in the 21st century are like stars , They burst out in all fields, blooming their own light , For those of us who control the industry , Of course, more attention should be paid to the development of robots in the future . In this year's 1 month , China's Ministry of industry and information technology and other departments jointly issued 《 the 14th Five-Year Plan ” Robot industry development plan 》, Propose technological breakthroughs 、 Expand applications 、 Build ecology and other dimensions to promote the high-quality development of the robot industry . Experts say , The robot industry is an important symbol to measure the level of scientific and technological innovation and high-end manufacturing in a country , It is also the key carrier to realize intelligent manufacturing . stay 《 planning 》 Under the guidance of , To 2025 year , China is expected to become the source of global robot technology innovation 、 High end manufacturing cluster and new highland of integrated application . By 2021 year , China has been in a row 8 In, it became the world's largest consumer of industrial robots , Not only because we are in a hot era of robotics , It is also for his dream of omnipotence of robots in childhood , Deep learning and mastering robots are our small and great hope .
From a personal perspective , The research direction of robots in the future can be mainly divided into the following four parts , The direction of artificial intelligence with vision technology as the core , Special work robot , System integration, large-scale application of robots and the development of human-machine cooperation technology , Here is a brief description from these four aspects .
One 、 Robots and artificial intelligence
For robots , Just as it got away from the basic major , More is the concept of Automation , It is used to complete the target tasks specified by human , But such a robot is only a kind of human “ extension ”, With the development of artificial intelligence technology in the new century , Especially in the field of vision , The intelligent level of robots is constantly improving , Coupled with the development of big data technology and high-level communication technology , The field of intelligent robots continues to expand .
- Sensitive tactile technology —— Robot skin
Sensitive tactile technology refers to the use of new tactile sensors based on electricity and particle tactile technology , It can make robots understand the shape of objects 、 Texture and hardness are more sensitive , Ultimately competent for medical 、 Exploration and a series of complex work . Through the accurate acquisition and processing of sensor data , Complete the target task . stay 2021 year , The City University of Hong Kong team has developed a highly sensitive array of tactile sensors , Comparable to human skin touch , The research results are published in academic journals 《 science . Robotics 》, Titled “ Flexible magnetized skin with external force self decoupling tactile super-resolution ”.
- Emotion recognition technology —— Robot Psychology
I believe you all know the concept of cyberpunk recently , Just like the classic movie 《 Silver wing killer 》 The main melody in , Robot emotion has always been an important aspect of human beings , Recognize and interpret human facial expressions , It is the first step to make robots understand human beings and further generate feelings . Emotional computing is essentially , It is a typical pattern recognition problem . Intelligent machines use a variety of sensors , Get people's expressions 、 Posture 、 gesture 、 voice 、 intonation 、 Blood pressure 、 Heart rate and other data , Combined with the environment at that time 、 context 、 Context information such as context , Recognize and understand human emotions . Robots get human like observations 、 understand 、 reaction capacity , Finally, it can be applied to robot assisted medical rehabilitation 、 Criminal investigation, identification and other fields .
- Autonomous driving technology —— Robot driving
For autonomous driving , In fact, it is unreasonable to strictly put it in this field , The essence of driverless must not be artificial intelligence , But the combination of mechanism and artificial intelligence is undoubtedly the focus of current research , For data processing and prediction Planning , Of course, artificial intelligence is indispensable . The application of automatic driving technology can provide automation for mankind 、 Intelligent loading and transportation tools , And extended to road condition test 、 National defense, military security and other fields .
Two 、 Special robots
Special robots , It mainly refers to bionic robots and robots working in special environments , In order to meet human needs under special conditions , In recent years, whether quadruped robots 、 Unmanned aerial vehicles and those special industrial robots have made great progress . With the rise of domestic demographic dividend and production costs , This kind of market is gradually emerging . Here are some specific examples .
- Micro robot :
The robot in the figure below is called HAMR-JR, The shape is inspired by cockroaches , The tiny body uses various micro mechanical motion technologies , It has become one of the most dexterous micro robots so far . Can run , jumping , Carry heavy objects and carry dimes . Micro robots have a wide range of applications , It can be used for navigation 、 Agriculture 、 signal communication 、 Aerospace 、 Family and medical care . for example : Drop thousands of micro robots to chew shellfish and moss on the bottom of the ship , It can save navigation energy ; Thousands of micro robots are scattered in the crop fields , Let them kill pests , Reduce the damage of agriculture and make it have a good harvest ; Flying micro robot carries hygrometer and infrared sensor to fly in the field , When drought is found in farmland , It landed on the valve of the irrigation system , Transmit drought information to the sensor , Open the valve , Quantitative irrigation of farmland .
- Explosive disposal robot :
The robot in the figure below is a new type of explosive disposal robot practiced by a group army , Under the remote control of the operator, it can quickly cross the designated place , Complete the destruction of explosives after judging different objects , It can replace some manual operations in some environments . Even now , In many war-torn countries in the world , Unexploded ordnance is scattered everywhere . for example , Kuwait after the Gulf War , It's like an ammunition depot that may explode at any time . In the area of more than 10000 square kilometers along the border of Iraq and Kuwait , Yes 16 Made in countries 25 Ten thousand mines ,85 Ten thousand shells , And the mines and submunitions dropped by the multinational force 2500 Ten thousand bullets , At least some of them 20% There was no explosion . There are even unexploded bombs and mines left in World War I and World War II in many countries . The application prospect of explosive disposal robot is very broad .
- Digging robot :
In the picture below is NASA Adopted RASSOR The detector , It is used for some valuable resources on the surface of other outer planets, such as water 、 oxygen 、 Excavate and mine rocket propulsion fuel , Realize human needs on alien planets . For the application of mining robot , In this year's 1 month , The mining robot based on man-machine cooperation technology released by Zoomlion , More shocking , Applied artificial intelligence 、 Intelligent control technology and other advanced technologies , Let the excavator not only communicate and interact with operators 、 Automatic operation , Be able to understand gesture instructions 、 Understand voice instructions 、 Perform actions automatically and accurately .
- software robots :
Research and development of robots using flexible materials 、 Design and manufacture . Flexible materials can change their shape arbitrarily in a large range , It is different from the traditional robot motor drive , The driving mode of soft robot mainly depends on the intelligent materials used , It can go to the set goal under people's instructions , Bear the weight with a small body , Read the steep slope , It can be used normally in cold or heat . During pipeline fault inspection 、 Medical diagnosis 、 The field of investigation and detection has broad application prospects ;
3、 ... and 、 Large scale application under the integration of Intelligent Manufacturing Systems
“ Intelligent manufacturing ”, It is also a hot field in the new era , And because the scale of production is often very huge , Many enterprises such as manufacturing industry need to consider system integration . Due to cost-effectiveness and technical problems , The robot application under intelligent manufacturing also focuses on the application of a certain link , It will not start from the overall production , For large-scale robot integration and collaborative scheduling , Undoubtedly, it is a very important aspect .
- Robot cloud service technology :
Robot cloud service technology refers to the robot itself as an execution terminal , Storage and computing through the cloud , Immediate response to requirements and implementation functions , Effectively realize data exchange and knowledge sharing , Provide users with unlimited expansion 、 New robot service mode for on-demand use . Cloud robot (Cloud Robotics), Try to call functions such as cloud computing and cloud storage , Provide services for robot systems by integrating infrastructure and shared services . When connected to the cloud , Robots can benefit from the powerful computing provided by cloud servers 、 Storage and communication resources , Processing and sharing from various robots or agents ( Other machines 、 Intelligent objects 、 Human beings, etc ) Information about . Users can also use terminals ( Such as mobile phone app、 The computer web Or computer client ) Interact with cloud robot system , And delegate the task to the robot remotely . Cloud computing technology enables robot systems to have powerful capabilities , At the same time, reduce costs through cloud technology .
- Multi robot system communication technology :
The control of multiple robots involves the queue management algorithm of multiple robots , Tasks need to be assigned to multiple systems , Perform tasks efficiently and complete scheduling management , This aspect of technology often needs to cooperate with path planning 、 Many technologies such as task scheduling and conflict resolution are used , It is necessary for large-scale robot production workshop .
Four 、 Man machine collaboration technology
On the one hand, with the development of Technology , People begin to think that simple robots are unreasonable , At present, the best choice is man-machine cooperation , It can greatly improve production efficiency and quality , The core technology of artificial intelligence that enriches the creativity of human society , As an industrial innovation to realize the whole society 、 The key factor to enhance national competitiveness , Was given high attention .
- Myoelectric control technology :
Myoelectric control technology uses the surface myoelectric signal of human upper limb to control the robot arm , In remote control 、 Medical rehabilitation and other fields have a wide range of applications . Above is a computer association model developed by MIT , The EMG signal is decoded by algorithm and associated with the grip type , Thus, the pneumatic system is controlled to control the artificial limb .
- Brain computer interface technology :
Brain computer interface technology :BCI, The meaning is to establish direct central information interaction between human and computer ., It refers to the collection of electrical activities and characteristic signals of the nervous system 、 Identify and transform , It enables the instructions from the human brain to be transmitted directly to the designated machine terminal , It can be applied to the rehabilitation of the disabled 、 Disaster relief and entertainment experience . stay 2021 year 4 Month musk showed the world the scene of monkeys playing table tennis , A quiet revolution in the field of disruptive innovation technology is about to begin .
- The future of human-computer collaboration
For man-machine collaboration technology , It is also facing challenges and progress , From the gradual complication of human creation tools , And then to the gradual intellectualization of robots , There are different opinions about the future of man-machine relationship . A mainstream idea here is “ Man machine symbiosis ”, Let human beings face up to their talents , Achieve man-machine co creation , Whether in recent years AI Composing music 、AI Writing poetry or AI painting , Are proving this . Return to the creator's mission , Equipment to create the necessary heart 、 eye 、 brain 、 hand , To see, to love, to experience . Knowledge can be learned , But wisdom is more an experience . Regard technology as a partner and rival , To act , To test , To create .
summary
notes : This article refers to Zhihu answer : Research hotspot in robot field And Robot frontier technology
This blog focuses on four aspects , That is, the direction of artificial intelligence with visual technology as the core , Special work robot , The scale application of system integration robot and the development of man-machine cooperation technology , The mainstream research direction of robots is introduced , Some core technologies and application examples are given , It aims to sort out the research branches of robot technology , Clarify ideas for future robot system learning , The next blog will start with the first step of robot development , Build a model and start , Coming soon .
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