Develop scalable contracts based on hardhat and openzeppelin (I)

be based on Hardhat and Openzeppelin Develop scalable contracts ( One )

This chapter mainly demonstrates how to use Hardhat Framework for rapid development of common contracts （ Not upgradeable ）, Deploy on local node , And interact with the contract through the console . I hope this article can help readers get started quickly Hardhat frame
The upgradeable contract will begin in the next chapter

Third party Library

• Hardhat About Hardhat Installation and introduction of , Refer to another article of mine << Introduce the smart contract development framework -Hardhat>>

initialization

Create directory

*  mkdir hardhat_upgradeable
*  cd hardhat_upgradeable
*  npx hardhat 
888    888                      888 888               888
888    888                      888 888               888
888    888                      888 888               888
8888888888  8888b.  888d888 .d88888 88888b.   8888b.  888888
888    888     "88b 888P"  d88" 888 888 "88b     "88b 888 888 888 .d888888 888 888 888 888 888 .d888888 888 888 888 888 888 888 Y88b 888 888 888 888 888 Y88b. 888 888 "Y888888 888     "Y88888 888 888 "Y888888  "Y888

 Welcome to Hardhat v2.9.9 ‍

? What do you want to do? … 
* Create a basic sample project
  Create an advanced sample project
  Create an advanced sample project that uses TypeScript
  Create an empty hardhat.config.js
  Quit
#  Select first ,  Directly enter 
? Hardhat project root: › /Users/lyon/Desktop/Solidity/hardhat_upgradeable
#  Confirm the project directory ,  Or just enter 
? Do you want to add a .gitignore? (Y/n) › y
#  Prompt whether to create git Ignore files ,  Default  y(yes),  Directly enter 
? Do you want to install this sample project's dependencies with npm (hardhat @nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle ethereum-waffle chai @nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers ethers)? (Y/n) › y
#  Prompt whether you want to pass  npm  Installation dependency ,  Default  y(yes),  Or just enter 

wait for npm Pull dependency to complete

Project default directory

Non escalable contract

I hope to make readers familiar with based on Hardhat Development process , And you can write Scalable contracts Make a comparison when

Create a contract

#  Delete the catalog demo contract file  Greeter.sol
*  rm contracts/Greeter.sol
#  establish  MyContract.sol
*  touch contracts/MyContract.sol

Add the following contract code

// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract MyContract {
    
    int storageValue;

    constructor(int initValue) {
    
        storageValue = initValue;
    }

    function setValue(int newValue) public {
    
        storageValue = newValue + 1;
    }

    function getValue() public view returns (int) {
    
        return storageValue;
    }
}

We assume that this is a wrong contract we developed , Because we are setting up new storageValue Numerical time , More +1( This is for demonstration, which can be done ).

compile

We first use Hardhat Tools to quickly compile contract files
Compile , It can quickly find and locate errors in the contract code

#  compile 
*  npx hardhat compile
Compiled 1 Solidity file successfully
#  Prompt successful compilation 1 individual  solidity file ,  That's the contract we wrote 

There is no problem with contract compilation , Then we can start the deployment test

Modify deployment script file

stay **/script** There is a sample-script.js file , Rename it to deploy.js, And replace the entire script content with the following code

const hre = require("hardhat");

async function main() {
    
  //  obtain  MyContract contract 
  const MyContract = await hre.ethers.getContractFactory("MyContract");
  //  Deploy ,  Incoming initialization  storageValue  Value 
  const myContract = await MyContract.deploy(666);

  //  wait for  MyContract Contract deployment completed 
  await myContract.deployed();

  //  Output  MyContract Contract address 
  console.log("MyContract deployed to:", myContract.address);
}

// We recommend this pattern to be able to use async/await everywhere
// and properly handle errors.
main()
  .then(() => process.exit(0))
  .catch((error) => {
    
    console.error(error);
    process.exit(1);
  });

Here our deployment script has been modified , Next, we start a local hardhat Local node , Then we deploy and test on the local node

Deployment and testing

Start the local node

*  npx hardhat node
Started HTTP and WebSocket JSON-RPC server at http://127.0.0.1:8545/

Accounts
========

WARNING: These accounts, and their private keys, are publicly known.
Any funds sent to them on Mainnet or any other live network WILL BE LOST.

Account #0: 0xf39Fd6e51aad88Fxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xac097xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx6b4d238ff944bacb478xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
..........
Account #19: 0x8626f6940E2exxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xdf570xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx27dafbffa9fc08a93xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx23656e

WARNING: These accounts, and their private keys, are publicly known.
Any funds sent to them on Mainnet or any other live network WILL BE LOST.
#  Here is the local node, which has been started successfully 

Deploy

Open a new terminal , stay localhost Deploy smart contracts in the network

* npx hardhat run --network localhost scripts/deploy.js
Compiled 1 Solidity file successfully
MyContract deployed to: 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3
# 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3  It's ours MyContract Contract address 

Next , We will pass Hardhat Console and on the local node MyContract Contract interaction

Contract interactions on local nodes

#  Open console 
* npx hardhat console --network localhost
Welcome to Node.js v16.15.1.
Type ".help" for more information.
> 
#  obtain MyContract contract 
> const MyContract = await ethers.getContractFactory("MyContract")
undefined
#  obtain myContract Contract example 
> const myContract = await MyContract.attach("0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3")
undefined
#  call  getValue  Method 
> await myContract.getValue()
BigNumber {
     value: "666" }
#  call  setValue  Method 
> await myContract.setValue(111)
{
    
  hash: '0x70f2e5baf434c3f15eb6618e54ecb7636a19c1d82f632cd27cd62f97c3d4c5fb',
  type: 2,
  accessList: [],
  blockHash: '0xf1b93fcf0a7b7c1ddaaedf74ec42bbb4a6b54f7748ce78fe8632b7c68cbd36ca',
  blockNumber: 2,
  transactionIndex: 0,
  confirmations: 1,
  from: '0xf39Fd6e51aad88F6F4ce6aB8827279cffFb92266',
  gasPrice: BigNumber {
     value: "767027553" },
  maxPriorityFeePerGas: BigNumber {
     value: "0" },
  maxFeePerGas: BigNumber {
     value: "970769246" },
  gasLimit: BigNumber {
     value: "26877" },
  to: '0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3',
  value: BigNumber {
     value: "0" },
  nonce: 1,
  data: '0x5093dc7d000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006f',
  r: '0x35d5ecb1abf017d44f544e857546c781ce3af0fdc5d9d3b4c1ea7d18fcba34ca',
  s: '0x43bf5017ca7554071e7ebbacb75fb0e0a4934b49fa87bf3847c0bb38c3c73e06',
  v: 1,
  creates: null,
  chainId: 31337,
  wait: [Function (anonymous)]
}
#  Call again  getValue  Method validation setValue Execution results 
> await myContract.getValue()
BigNumber {
     value: "112" }

Here we demonstrate the process of connecting local nodes and interacting with contracts through the console , And verify whether the execution of the contract is successful

problem

As we mentioned earlier , We want to pass setValue Method to set a new storageValue value , But we wrote one more code in the contract +1（ Although it was intended to demonstrate ）. When our contract went online, we found this bug, If we want to modify now , Only one contract can be redeployed , Because we don't use scalable contracts .
Once the contract is linked, it cannot be modified , That's for sure .
If every contract goes wrong , If we all solve the problem by redeploying the contract, the cost will be too high .

1. Disclose and replace the new contract address to users
2. If there is a lot of data in the contract , We also need to do transfer

Next

that Next chapter Start , I will demonstrate how to make upgradeable changes to existing contracts , And complete the deployment and testing .

There is a problem , Or suggest leaving a message , thank you .